The Influence of the Interface Button Design of Touch Screens on Operation and Interpretation by Elderly and Middle-Aged Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Social Status
1.2. Status of the Elderly
1.3. Interface Design
- Elucidating the effect of different categories of interface on the interpretation time.
- Understanding the operational differences between image and text buttons.
- Understanding the operational differences based on button sizes and display positions.
2. Methods
2.1. Testing and Stimuli
- Button category: two types, the text button and image button; the text button used the sans-serif font; the text and image button are shown in Figure 1.
- Button size: four sizes of text buttons, four sizes of image buttons (text button: 22 pt, 18 pt, 14 pt, 10 pt; image button: 16 mm, 12 mm, 9 mm, 5 mm);
- Presentation position: four positions (top, bottom, left, right).
2.2. Subjects
2.3. Instruments
2.4. Experimental Environment
2.5. Procedure
3. Results
4. Discussion
- Whether it is the text button or image button, elderly users need the largest size button (22 pt and 16 mm), whereas middle-aged users can accept the 18 pt text button.
- Buttons designed for middle-aged users should not be displayed on the right or left side; those for elderly users should avoid the bottom and the left sides of the screen.
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Color | Code | |||||
CIE (L, a, b,) | RGB code value | |||||
L | a | b | R | G | B | |
Background | ||||||
White | 99 | 0 | 0 | 254 | 254 | 254 |
Text | ||||||
Black | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Source | SS | df | MS | F | p | Effect Size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Middle-aged | ||||||
button categories | 7.263 | 1 | 7.263 | 1.701 | 0.192 | 0.002 |
presentation positions | 7.209 | 3 | 2.403 | 5.126 | 0.002* | 0.015 |
button sizes | 3831.080 | 6 | 638.513 | 1361.953 | 0.000* | 0.892 |
presentation positions × button sizes | 45.644 | 18 | 2.536 | 5.409 | 0.000* | 0.089 |
Elderly | ||||||
button categories | 0.003 | 1 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.985 | 0.000 |
presentation positions | 35.322 | 3 | 11.774 | 17.013 | 0.000* | 0.049 |
button sizes | 7270.762 | 6 | 1211.794 | 1751.011 | 0.000* | 0.914 |
presentation positions × button sizes | 67.793 | 18 | 3.766 | 5.442 | 0.000* | 0.090 |
Source | M | SD | LSD Group | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Middle-Aged | |||||||||
Presentation positions | |||||||||
top | 3.904 | 2.052 | A | B | |||||
bottom | 3.969 | 2.124 | A | B | C | ||||
right | 4.083 | 2.056 | B | C | D | ||||
left | 4.111 | 2.04 | C | D | |||||
Button size | |||||||||
22 pt | 2.209 | 0.500 | A | ||||||
16 mm | 2.357 | 0.439 | A | ||||||
18 pt | 2.582 | 0.708 | B | ||||||
12 mm | 2.884 | 0.635 | E | ||||||
9 mm | 3.822 | 0.771 | C | ||||||
14 pt | 3.837 | 0.888 | C | ||||||
10 pt | 7.101 | 0.960 | D | ||||||
5 mm | 7.339 | 0.738 | F | ||||||
Elderly | |||||||||
Presentation positions | |||||||||
top | 5.689 | 2.700 | A | ||||||
right | 5.999 | 2.841 | B | C | |||||
bottom | 6.105 | 2.882 | B | C | D | ||||
left | 6.175 | 2.797 | C | D | |||||
Button size | |||||||||
22 pt | 2.192 | 0.457 | A | ||||||
16 mm | 2.359 | 0.626 | A | ||||||
18 pt | 5.002 | 0.697 | B | ||||||
12 mm | 5.434 | 0.759 | C | ||||||
9 mm | 6.603 | 1.212 | D | ||||||
14 pt | 7.121 | 0.963 | E | ||||||
5 mm | 9.566 | 1.141 | F | ||||||
10 pt | 9.659 | 0.946 | F |
Source | SS | df | MS | F | p | Effect Size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Middle-aged | ||||||
top | 903.965 | 7 | 129.138 | 188.159 | 0.000* | 0.842 |
bottom | 1030.021 | 7 | 147.146 | 301.994 | 0.000* | 0.895 |
left | 974.268 | 7 | 139.181 | 397.166 | 0.000* | 0.918 |
right | 990.481 | 7 | 141.497 | 402.804 | 0.000* | 0.919 |
Elderly | ||||||
top | 1658.262 | 7 | 236.895 | 292.573 | 0.000* | 0.892 |
bottom | 1958.240 | 7 | 279.749 | 433.153 | 0.000* | 0.924 |
left | 1809.926 | 7 | 258.561 | 347.033 | 0.000* | 0.907 |
right | 1917.005 | 7 | 273.858 | 482.470 | 0.000* | 0.932 |
Source | M (SD) | LSD Group | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Middle-aged | ||||||||
top | 22 pt | 2.131 (0.580) | A | B | ||||
18 pt | 2.193 (0.616) | A | B | |||||
16 mm | 2.408 (0.512) | A | B | C | ||||
12 mm | 2.813 (0.458) | B | C | |||||
9 mm | 3.791 (0.971) | D | ||||||
14 pt | 4.064 (1.005) | D | ||||||
10 pt | 6.388 (1.304) | E | ||||||
5 mm | 7.446 (0.808) | F | ||||||
bottom | 22 pt | 2.168 (0.425) | A | B | ||||
16 mm | 2.373 (0.410) | A | B | |||||
18 pt | 2.483 (0.692) | A | B | C | ||||
12 mm | 2.756 (0.480) | B | C | |||||
9 mm | 3.568 (0.713) | D | ||||||
14 pt | 3.756 (1.222) | D | ||||||
10 pt | 7.228 (0.515) | E | ||||||
5 mm | 7.417 (0.757) | E | ||||||
left | 22 pt | 2.223 (0.328) | A | B | ||||
16 mm | 2.441 (0.360) | A | B | |||||
12 mm | 2.632 (0.444) | B | ||||||
18 pt | 3.232 (0.648) | C | ||||||
9 mm | 3.684 (0.562) | D | ||||||
14 pt | 3.981 (0.487) | E | ||||||
5 mm | 7.282 (0.792) | F | ||||||
10 pt | 7.409 (0.876) | F | ||||||
right | 16 mm | 2.205 (0.443) | A | |||||
22 pt | 2.315 (0.609) | A | ||||||
18 pt | 2.421 (0.382) | A | ||||||
12 mm | 3.339 (0.844) | B | ||||||
14 pt | 3.547 (0.568) | B | ||||||
9 mm | 4.243 (0.634) | C | ||||||
5 mm | 7.214 (0.581) | D | ||||||
10 pt | 7.379 (0.568) | D |
Source | M (SD) | LSD Group | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elderly | |||||||||
top | 22 pt | 2.013 (0.377) | A | ||||||
16 mm | 2.391 (0.434) | A | |||||||
12 mm | 5.049 (0.833) | B | |||||||
18 pt | 5.183 (0.613) | B | |||||||
9 mm | 5.760 (1.057) | C | |||||||
14 pt | 6.518 (1.352) | D | |||||||
10 pt | 9.238 (0.867) | E | |||||||
5 mm | 9.362 (1.175) | E | |||||||
bottom | 16 mm | 2.220 (0.662) | A | ||||||
22 pt | 2.284 (0.515) | A | |||||||
18 pt | 4.642 (0.677) | B | |||||||
12 mm | 5.523 (0.720) | C | |||||||
9 mm | 7.308 (1.153) | D | |||||||
14 pt | 7.486 (0.536) | D | |||||||
5 mm | 9.576 (0.968) | E | |||||||
10 pt | 9.796 (0.965) | E | |||||||
left | 22 pt | 2.344 (0.401) | A | ||||||
16 mm | 2.641 (0.704) | A | |||||||
18 pt | 5.110 (0.811) | B | |||||||
12 mm | 5.840 (0.703) | C | |||||||
9 mm | 6.495 (1.259) | D | |||||||
14 pt | 7.380 (0.707) | E | |||||||
5 mm | 9.371 (1.212) | F | |||||||
10 pt | 10.222 (0.774) | G | |||||||
right | 22 pt | 2.127 (0.464) | A | ||||||
16 mm | 2.183 (0.592) | A | |||||||
18 pt | 5.072 (0.558) | B | |||||||
12 mm | 5.323 (0.560) | B | |||||||
9 mm | 6.848 (0.818) | C | |||||||
14 pt | 7.101 (0.774) | C | |||||||
10 pt | 9.383 (0.879) | D | |||||||
5 mm | 9.954 (1.145) | E |
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Po-Chan, Y. The Influence of the Interface Button Design of Touch Screens on Operation and Interpretation by Elderly and Middle-Aged Adults. Designs 2019, 3, 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/designs3030035
Po-Chan Y. The Influence of the Interface Button Design of Touch Screens on Operation and Interpretation by Elderly and Middle-Aged Adults. Designs. 2019; 3(3):35. https://doi.org/10.3390/designs3030035
Chicago/Turabian StylePo-Chan, Yeh. 2019. "The Influence of the Interface Button Design of Touch Screens on Operation and Interpretation by Elderly and Middle-Aged Adults" Designs 3, no. 3: 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/designs3030035