Conjunctival Swab Findings in 484 COVID-19 Patients in Four Hospital Centers in Slovakia
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
References
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Gender | Number | Gestational Age a (Years) | Non-Mechanically Ventilated Patients b | Mechanically Ventilated Patients b | Positive Result from the Conjunctival Sac | Eye Symptoms b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | 264 | 65.59 ± 13.43 | 215 (26) | 5 (0) | 31 | 36 (4) |
Female | 220 | 68.01 ± 13.71 | 179 (22) | 6 (2) | 27 | 23 (4) |
Overall | 484 | 66.69 ± 13.59 | 394 (48) | 11 (2) | 58 | 59 (8) |
Age Range (Years) | Male a | Female a | Non-Mechanically Ventilated Patients b | Mechanically Ventilated Patients b | Eye Symptoms b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
21–30 | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
31–40 | 9 (0) | 7 (0) | 8 (5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
41–50 | 22 (1) | 17 (1) | 16 (13) | 0 (1) | 8 (1) |
51–60 | 60 (6) | 32 (5) | 46 (25) | 2 (3) | 5 (8) |
61–70 | 71 (6) | 64 (6) | 49 (55) | 3 (1) | 9 (9) |
71–80 | 64 (9) | 58 (9) | 59 (45) | 0 (1) | 9 (3) |
81–90 | 30 (6) | 33 (5) | 29 (29) | 0 (0) | 5 (1) |
>91 | 7 (3) | 8 (1) | 7 (6) | 0 (0) | 0 (1) |
Gender | Number | CT Value in Nasopharynx a | CT Value in Conjunctiva a | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male | 27 | 22.98 ± 5.14 | 29.53 ± 4.11 | <0.001 |
Female | 31 | 22.47 ± 4.98 | 32.32 ± 3.87 | <0.001 |
Overall | 58 | 22.71 ± 5.01 | 30.98 ± 4.19 | <0.001 |
Age Range (Years) | Male | Female | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | CT Value in Nasopharynx a | CT Value in Conjunctiva a | Number | CT Value in Nasopharynx a | CT Value in Conjunctiva a | |
40–49 | 1 | 29.80 ± 0.00 | 33.54 ± 0.00 | 1 | 18.50 ± 0.00 | 32.02 ± 0.00 |
50–59 | 6 | 20.87 ± 5.08 | 31.13 ± 4.12 | 5 | 21.78 ± 5.41 | 35.35 ± 2.17 |
60–69 | 6 | 21.47 ± 6.60 | 31.11 ± 4.97 | 6 | 26.39 ± 5.01 | 33.28 ± 5.08 |
70–79 | 9 | 24.06 ± 6.33 | 29.81 ± 3.92 | 9 | 21.96 ± 4.62 | 33.05 ± 4.22 |
80–89 | 6 | 23.60 ± 3.22 | 29.09 ± 5.82 | 5 | 22.49 ± 4.12 | 31.41 ± 1.96 |
>90 | 3 | 21.51 ± 4.78 | 29.99 ± 3.62 | 1 | 14.00 ± 0.00 | 22.56 ± 0.00 |
Bratislava | Zilina | Nitra | Nove Zamky | Overall | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % a | Number | % a | Number | % a | Number | % | Number | % a | |
Male | 76 | 51.01 | 70 | 59.83 | 58 | 58.59 | 60 | 50.42 | 264 | 54.55 |
Female | 73 | 48.99 | 47 | 40.17 | 41 | 41.41 | 59 | 49.58 | 220 | 45.45 |
Overall | 149 | 100 | 117 | 100 | 99 | 100 | 119 | 100 | 484 | 100 |
Positive d overall | 25 | 16.78 | 9 | 7.69 | 9 | 9.09 | 15 | 12.61 | 58 | 11.98 |
Positive d male | 13 | 8.72 | 3 | 2.56 | 7 | 7.07 | 8 | 6.72 | 31 | 6.40 |
Positive d female | 12 | 8.05 | 6 | 5.13 | 2 | 2.02 | 7 | 5.88 | 27 | 5.58 |
Negative d overall | 115 | 77.18 | 108 | 92.31 | 90 | 90.91 | 104 | 87.39 | 417 | 86.16 |
Negative d male | 58 | 38.93 | 67 | 57.26 | 51 | 51.52 | 52 | 43.70 | 228 | 47.11 |
Negative d female | 57 | 38.26 | 41 | 35.04 | 39 | 39.39 | 52 | 43.70 | 189 | 39.05 |
Unclear overall | 9 | 6.04 | - | - | - | 9 | 1.86 | |||
Unclear male | 5 | 3.36 | - | - | - | 5 | 1.03 | |||
Unclear female | 4 | 2.68 | - | - | - | 4 | 0.83 | |||
Eye symptoms male | 1 | 0.67 | 27 | 23.08 | 5 | 5.05 | 3 | 2.52 | 36 | 7.42 |
Eye symptoms female | 1 | 0.67 | 14 | 11.97 | 6 | 6.06 | 2 | 1.68 | 23 | 4.74 |
Eye symptoms overall | 2 | 1.33 | 41 | 35.04 | 11 | 11.11 | 5 | 4.20 | 59 | 12.16 |
Number b | Number b | Number b | Number b | Number b | ||||||
Mean duration c of interval in all patients | 6.13 ± 4.86 | 7.20 ± 3.18 | 13.53 ± 7.13 | 10.79 ± 6.26 | 9.01 ± 6.14 | |||||
Mean duration c of interval in positive d patients | 5.88 ± 4.68 | 5.89 ± 2.57 | 13.11 ± 7.72 | 9.50 ± 5.52 | 7.85 ± 5.78 | |||||
Mean duration c of interval in negative d patients | 6.27 ± 4.92 | 7.31 ± 3.21 | 13.57 ± 7.12 | 10.98 ± 6.36 | 9.26 ± 6.18 | |||||
Average age | 70 ± 13.09 | 62.41 ± 13.60 | 65.59 ± 12.67 | 67.71 ± 13.86 | 66.67 ± 13.59 | |||||
The average age of the positive d patients | 73.76 ± 14.11 | 69.00 ± 13.35 | 65.33 ± 10.97 | 71.33 ± 9.51 | 71.09 ± 12.53 | |||||
The average age of the negative d patients | 68.71 ± 12.66 | 61.86 ± 13.53 | 65.62 ± 12.88 | 67.19 ± 14.34 | 65.85 ± 13.58 |
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Furdova, A.; Vesely, P.; Trnka, M.; Novakova, E.; Stubna, M.; Furda, R.; Branikova, L.; Pridavkova, Z. Conjunctival Swab Findings in 484 COVID-19 Patients in Four Hospital Centers in Slovakia. Vision 2022, 6, 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision6030046
Furdova A, Vesely P, Trnka M, Novakova E, Stubna M, Furda R, Branikova L, Pridavkova Z. Conjunctival Swab Findings in 484 COVID-19 Patients in Four Hospital Centers in Slovakia. Vision. 2022; 6(3):46. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision6030046
Chicago/Turabian StyleFurdova, Alena, Pavol Vesely, Michal Trnka, Elena Novakova, Michal Stubna, Robert Furda, Lubica Branikova, and Zuzana Pridavkova. 2022. "Conjunctival Swab Findings in 484 COVID-19 Patients in Four Hospital Centers in Slovakia" Vision 6, no. 3: 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision6030046
APA StyleFurdova, A., Vesely, P., Trnka, M., Novakova, E., Stubna, M., Furda, R., Branikova, L., & Pridavkova, Z. (2022). Conjunctival Swab Findings in 484 COVID-19 Patients in Four Hospital Centers in Slovakia. Vision, 6(3), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision6030046