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Volume 10
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10.3390/vision10030041
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Behavioral and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Vision-Related Quality of Life in Keratoconus: A Cross-Sectional Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

by
Seham Alsalamah
1,2,*,
Yara Abosabaah
1,2,
Ghadah Alhabs
1,2,
Lujain Marghlani
1,2,
Mahmood Showail
3,4,
Taghreed Alnahedh
5,6 and
Mohammed Taha
2,7
1
College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 3660, Saudi Arabia
2
King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh 3660, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia
5
Academic Affairs, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 3660, Saudi Arabia
6
Optometry Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 3660, Saudi Arabia
7
Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 3660, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vision 2026, 10(3), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision10030041 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 26 April 2026 / Revised: 23 June 2026 / Accepted: 24 June 2026 / Published: 5 July 2026
Versions Notes

Abstract

Keratoconus is a progressive corneal ectasia that results in substantial visual impairment and imposes a significant functional and psychosocial burden on affected individuals. Despite evidence suggesting earlier onset and a potentially more aggressive disease course of keratoconus in Saudi populations, there is a significant lack of region-specific data evaluating vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) in Riyadh. This cross-sectional study conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, evaluated VRQoL in individuals with keratoconus using the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25). Data were obtained from January to March 2025 through an online, structured, self-administered questionnaire. A total of 1007 participants were included, of whom 299 (29.7%) reported a diagnosis of keratoconus. The mean composite NEI-VFQ-25 score among participants with keratoconus was 61.0 ± 15.8, reflecting moderate impairment in VRQoL. Reduced VRQoL was significantly associated with eye-rubbing behavior, including both frequency (p = 0.027) and method (p = 0.026). The results highlight the importance of early detection and the relevance of eye-rubbing behavior in relation to reduced VRQoL, while supporting the need for longitudinal research to further clarify these associations.
Keywords: keratoconus; vision-related quality of life; NEI-VFQ-25; Saudi Arabia; corneal disease; quality of life keratoconus; vision-related quality of life; NEI-VFQ-25; Saudi Arabia; corneal disease; quality of life

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MDPI and ACS Style

Alsalamah, S.; Abosabaah, Y.; Alhabs, G.; Marghlani, L.; Showail, M.; Alnahedh, T.; Taha, M. Behavioral and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Vision-Related Quality of Life in Keratoconus: A Cross-Sectional Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Vision 2026, 10, 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision10030041

AMA Style

Alsalamah S, Abosabaah Y, Alhabs G, Marghlani L, Showail M, Alnahedh T, Taha M. Behavioral and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Vision-Related Quality of Life in Keratoconus: A Cross-Sectional Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Vision. 2026; 10(3):41. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision10030041

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alsalamah, Seham, Yara Abosabaah, Ghadah Alhabs, Lujain Marghlani, Mahmood Showail, Taghreed Alnahedh, and Mohammed Taha. 2026. "Behavioral and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Vision-Related Quality of Life in Keratoconus: A Cross-Sectional Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia" Vision 10, no. 3: 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision10030041

APA Style

Alsalamah, S., Abosabaah, Y., Alhabs, G., Marghlani, L., Showail, M., Alnahedh, T., & Taha, M. (2026). Behavioral and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Vision-Related Quality of Life in Keratoconus: A Cross-Sectional Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Vision, 10(3), 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision10030041

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