Preliminary Evaluation of Self-Reported Training Volume as an Adjunct Measure of Female Athlete Triad Risk in Division 1 Collegiate Female Runners
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Study Design
2.2. Survey Design and Distribution
2.3. Data Computation and Statistical Approach
3. Results
3.1. Demographics and Descriptives
3.2. Relationship between Training Volume and Triad Risk
4. Discussion
4.1. Resistance Training as a Possible Predictor of Triad Risk
4.2. Mileage as a Predictor of Triad Risk
4.3. Implications for Survey-Based Training Volume as Predictor of Triad Risk
4.4. Limitations
4.5. Future Directions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n | Whole Sample (n = 41) | Distance Runners (n = 30) | Multievent Athletes (n = 11) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline Demographics | |||||
Age (yrs) | 40 | 20 ± 2 | 20 ± 2 | 20 ± 1 | 0.363 |
Height (cm) | 41 | 164.1 ± 9.2 | 163.5 ± 9.4 | 165.5 ± 8.8 | 0.558 |
Weight (lb) | 40 | 125.1 ± 14.4 | 122.7 ± 12.1 | 132.2 ± 18.6 | 0.068 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 41 | 21.1 ± 2.5 | 20.9 ± 2.4 | 21.6 ± 2.8 | 0.452 |
Competition Training Volume Measures | |||||
Total Weekly Mileage | 41 | 47.1 ± 11.1 | 47.5 ± 10.9 | 45.9 ± 12.0 | 0.682 |
Total Weekly Hours | 37 | 14.4 ± 5.1 | 14.2 ± 4.8 | 15.0 ± 6.1 | 0.680 |
Total Weekly Cross Training Hours | 38 | 2.0 ± 1.6 | 1.8 ± 1.6 | 2.4 ± 1.5 | 0.351 |
Weekly Resistance Training Hours | 36 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 0.855 |
Conditioning Training Volume Measures | |||||
Total Weekly Mileage | 39 | 49.3 ± 10.5 | 51.1 ± 10.3 | 44.6 ± 9.9 | 0.076 |
Total Weekly Hours | 34 | 14.9 ± 5.7 | 15.1 ± 5.7 | 14.4 ± 6.0 | 0.740 |
Total Weekly Cross Training Hours | 36 | 1.8 ± 1.6 | 1.7 ± 1.5 | 2.1 ± 1.7 | 0.488 |
Weekly Resistance Training Hours | 35 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 2.2 ± 1.1 | 0.747 |
Linear Regression | Binomial Logistic Regression | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R2 | β | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |
Dependent Variable | Triad Risk Factor Count | Triad Risk Factor Group | ||||
Competition Training Measures | ||||||
Total Weekly Mileage | 0.077 | 0.099 | 0.568 | 1.05 | 0.98/1.13 | 0.156 |
Total Weekly Hours | 0.068 | −0.040 | 0.818 | 0.988 | 0.87/1.13 | 0.860 |
Total Weekly Cross Training Hours | 0.135 | 0.271 | 0.117 | 1.373 | 0.86/2.21 | 0.190 |
Weekly Resistance Training Hours | 0.216 | 0.390 * | 0.022 | 2.86 * | 1.06/7.57 | 0.037 |
Conditioning Training Measures | ||||||
Total Weekly Mileage | 0.069 | 0.058 | 0.738 | 1.01 | 0.95/1.09 | 0.703 |
Total Weekly Hours | 0.0641 | −0.017 | 0.923 | 0.963 | 0.85/1.09 | 0.552 |
Total Weekly Cross Training Hours | 0.115 | 0.237 | 0.176 | 1.37 | 0.84/2.23 | 0.204 |
Weekly Resistance Training Hours | 0.180 | 0.355 * | 0.044 | 2.38 * | 1.03/5.50 | 0.042 |
OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dependent Variable | SDS | PSS | PHQ-9 | ||||||
Competition Training Measures | |||||||||
Total Weekly Mileage | 1.39 | 0.76/2.61 | 0.263 | 0.98 | 0.91/1.05 | 0.597 | 0.98 | 0.91/1.05 | 0.550 |
Total Weekly Hours | 1.07 | 0.95/1.21 | 0.272 | 1.18 * | 1.03/1.38 | 0.031 | 0.98 | 0.87/1.11 | 0.788 |
Total Weekly Cross Training Hours | 1.25 | 0.82/1.98 | 0.312 | 1.26 | 0.77/2.16 | 0.374 | 1.20 | 0.74/1.92 | 0.455 |
Weekly Resistance Training Hours | 1.35 | 0.72/2.58 | 0.939 | 1.277 | 0.65/2.68 | 0.489 | 0.408 * | 0.19/0.83 | 0.017 |
Conditioning Training Measures | |||||||||
Total Weekly Mileage | 1.09 * | 1.03/1.18 | 0.009 | 1.00 | 0.93/1.07 | 0.975 | 1.04 | 0.96/1.12 | 0.338 |
Total Weekly Hours | 1.08 | 0.97/1.22 | 0.172 | 1.15 * | 1.02/1.35 | 0.035 | 0.99 | 0.88/1.11 | 0.858 |
Total Weekly Cross Training Hours | 0.927 | 0.62/1.39 | 0.710 | 1.24 | 0.74/2.17 | 0.423 | 0.93 | 0.56/1.49 | 0.753 |
Weekly Resistance Training Hours | 1.85 * | 1.05/3.39 | 0.036 | 1.28 | 0.68/2.51 | 0.454 | 0.452 * | 0.22/0.87 | 0.022 |
Total Risk Factor Count | 0.86 | 0.67/1.09 | 0.217 | 1.11 | 0.86/1.45 | 0.442 | 1.17 | 0.92/1.49 | 0.211 |
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Parnell, S.; Graybeal, A.J.; Renna, M.E.; Stavres, J. Preliminary Evaluation of Self-Reported Training Volume as an Adjunct Measure of Female Athlete Triad Risk in Division 1 Collegiate Female Runners. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2024, 9, 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040179
Parnell S, Graybeal AJ, Renna ME, Stavres J. Preliminary Evaluation of Self-Reported Training Volume as an Adjunct Measure of Female Athlete Triad Risk in Division 1 Collegiate Female Runners. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2024; 9(4):179. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040179
Chicago/Turabian StyleParnell, Sarah, Austin J. Graybeal, Megan E. Renna, and Jon Stavres. 2024. "Preliminary Evaluation of Self-Reported Training Volume as an Adjunct Measure of Female Athlete Triad Risk in Division 1 Collegiate Female Runners" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 9, no. 4: 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040179
APA StyleParnell, S., Graybeal, A. J., Renna, M. E., & Stavres, J. (2024). Preliminary Evaluation of Self-Reported Training Volume as an Adjunct Measure of Female Athlete Triad Risk in Division 1 Collegiate Female Runners. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 9(4), 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040179