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Article

Regular Physical Activity Can Counteract LONG COVID Symptoms in Adults over 40

by
Marco Centorbi
1,
Giulia Di Martino
1,
Carlo della Valle
2,
Enzo Iuliano
3,
Gloria Di Claudio
1,
Amelia Mascioli
1,
Giuseppe Calcagno
1,
Alessandra di Cagno
4,5,*,
Andrea Buonsenso
1,† and
Giovanni Fiorilli
1,†
1
Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
2
Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
3
Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
4
Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
5
Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Via Plinio 44, 00193 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2024, 9(3), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9030119
Submission received: 29 May 2024 / Revised: 1 July 2024 / Accepted: 2 July 2024 / Published: 4 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Medicine and Public Health)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Three years after the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic, a chronic post-COVID syndrome “LONG COVID” persists, causing fatigue and shortness of breath, along with distress, anxiety, and depression. Aim: To assess the impact of physical activity on the management and rehabilitation of LONG COVID, as well as to investigate the persistence of LONG COVID symptomatology in individuals over 40 years, beyond the pandemic. Methods: A total of 1004 participants (aged 53.45 ± 11.35) were recruited through an online snowball sampling strategy to complete a web-based survey. The following questionnaires were administered: Physical Activity Scale for Elderly (PASE), Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (SOBQ), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), and Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC). Results: Significant gender differences were discovered, with women reporting higher symptoms than men (p < 0.001). Significant age differences were also found, with participants under 55 showing higher values than those over 55 (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between aerobic and mixed physical activity (p > 0.05) while significant results emerged between physical activity groups and the no activity group (p < 0.001). The low-frequency group reported higher symptoms than the high-frequency group (all ps < 0.001). Conclusion: Regardless of the type of physical activity performed, our survey identified the frequency of training as a crucial factor to overcome LONG COVID symptoms; the challenge lies in overcoming the difficulties due to the persistent feelings of inefficiency and fatigue typical of those who have contracted the infection.
Keywords: exercise; fatigue; distress; pandemic exercise; fatigue; distress; pandemic

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Centorbi, M.; Di Martino, G.; della Valle, C.; Iuliano, E.; Di Claudio, G.; Mascioli, A.; Calcagno, G.; di Cagno, A.; Buonsenso, A.; Fiorilli, G. Regular Physical Activity Can Counteract LONG COVID Symptoms in Adults over 40. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2024, 9, 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9030119

AMA Style

Centorbi M, Di Martino G, della Valle C, Iuliano E, Di Claudio G, Mascioli A, Calcagno G, di Cagno A, Buonsenso A, Fiorilli G. Regular Physical Activity Can Counteract LONG COVID Symptoms in Adults over 40. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2024; 9(3):119. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9030119

Chicago/Turabian Style

Centorbi, Marco, Giulia Di Martino, Carlo della Valle, Enzo Iuliano, Gloria Di Claudio, Amelia Mascioli, Giuseppe Calcagno, Alessandra di Cagno, Andrea Buonsenso, and Giovanni Fiorilli. 2024. "Regular Physical Activity Can Counteract LONG COVID Symptoms in Adults over 40" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 9, no. 3: 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9030119

APA Style

Centorbi, M., Di Martino, G., della Valle, C., Iuliano, E., Di Claudio, G., Mascioli, A., Calcagno, G., di Cagno, A., Buonsenso, A., & Fiorilli, G. (2024). Regular Physical Activity Can Counteract LONG COVID Symptoms in Adults over 40. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 9(3), 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9030119

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