Next Article in Journal
Between Aesthetics and Health: Disordered Eating, Exercise Addiction, and Body Image in Competitive Bodybuilders
Previous Article in Journal
Special Issue “Perspectives and Challenges in Sports Medicine for Combat Sports”
Previous Article in Special Issue
The Effects of a 12-Week Home-Based Adapted Physical Activity Intervention on Health-Related Physical Fitness in Adult Women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: An Interventional Field Study
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
JFMK
Volume 11
Issue 2
10.3390/jfmk11020235
jfmk-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Acute Autonomic and Perceptual Responses to Resistance Training Performed With and Without Blood Flow Restriction

by
Paulo H. da Silva Steiger
1,
Tiago A. F. Almeida
2,3,
Danilo A. Massini
3,
Gabriel de Souza Zanini
3,
David Michel de Oliveira
4,5,
Víctor Hernández-Beltrán
6,
José M. Gamonales
6,7,8,
Mário C. Espada
9,10,11,12,
Dalton M. Pessôa Filho, Filho
3,13,* and
Anderson Geremias Macedo
1
1
Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Santa Clara Campus, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
2
Centre for Research in Economics and Comparative Development (CIEDEC), Lusíada University of Lisbon, 1349-001 Lisbon, Portugal
3
Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, São Paulo 17033-360, SP, Brazil
4
Department of Physical Education, Federal University Jataí (UFJ), Jataí 75801-615, GO, Brazil
5
Postgraduate Program in Animal Bioscience (PPGBA), Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Jataí 75801-615, GO, Brazil
6
Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
7
Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
8
Instituto Universitario de Investigación e Innovación en el Deporte (INIDE), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
9
Escola Superior de Educação, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal (CIEQV Setúbal), 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal
10
Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center (SPRINT), Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior (ESDRM), Instituto Politécnico Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
11
Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana (CIPER), Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal
12
Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, 7000-645 Évora, Portugal
13
Graduate Program in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil
 
add Show full affiliation list
 
remove Hide full affiliation list
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2026, 11(2), 235; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020235 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 4 May 2026 / Revised: 1 June 2026 / Accepted: 7 June 2026 / Published: 12 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity for Optimal Health: 2nd Edition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the acute effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT), low-intensity resistance training (LIRT), and low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (LIRT-BFR) on heart rate variability (HRV), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), total load (kg), and number of repetitions in young trained men. Methods: Thirteen volunteers (21.5 ± 1.6 years; 178.2 ± 8.0 cm; 75.7 ± 8.0 kg) performed three training sessions with six upper- and lower-limb exercises in repetition-to-failure mode. HIRT was performed at 70% 1RM, four sets and 90 s of rest; LIRT at 30% 1RM, four sets and 30 s of rest; and LIRT-BFR at 30% 1RM, four sets, 30 s of rest, and cuff pressure at 80 mmHg. The rest interval between training sessions was 72 h. Results: Total load was higher during LIRT compared with LIRT-BFR (p < 0.05), with no significant difference compared with HIRT (p > 0.05). The number of repetitions was greater in LIRT than in HIRT (p < 0.05), with no significant difference compared with LIRT-BFR (p > 0.05). RPE was lower in LIRT compared with HIRT and LIRT-BFR (p < 0.05). Time-domain parameters SDNN significantly decreased across all protocols (p < 0.001), whereas RMSSD showed no differences. Frequency-domain components (LFnu, HFnu, and LF/HF) showed no significant differences. Conclusions: LIRT elicited lower perceived exertion compared with HIRT and LIRT-BFR and higher repetition performance, whereas LIRT-BFR, despite showing similar autonomic responses, produced greater perceptual stress, resembling that of HIRT.
Keywords: resistance exercise; heart rate variability; rehabilitation; Kaatsu training resistance exercise; heart rate variability; rehabilitation; Kaatsu training

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Steiger, P.H.d.S.; Almeida, T.A.F.; Massini, D.A.; Zanini, G.d.S.; de Oliveira, D.M.; Hernández-Beltrán, V.; Gamonales, J.M.; Espada, M.C.; Filho, D.M.P., Filho; Macedo, A.G. Acute Autonomic and Perceptual Responses to Resistance Training Performed With and Without Blood Flow Restriction. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2026, 11, 235. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020235

AMA Style

Steiger PHdS, Almeida TAF, Massini DA, Zanini GdS, de Oliveira DM, Hernández-Beltrán V, Gamonales JM, Espada MC, Filho DMP Filho, Macedo AG. Acute Autonomic and Perceptual Responses to Resistance Training Performed With and Without Blood Flow Restriction. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2026; 11(2):235. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020235

Chicago/Turabian Style

Steiger, Paulo H. da Silva, Tiago A. F. Almeida, Danilo A. Massini, Gabriel de Souza Zanini, David Michel de Oliveira, Víctor Hernández-Beltrán, José M. Gamonales, Mário C. Espada, Dalton M. Pessôa Filho, Filho, and Anderson Geremias Macedo. 2026. "Acute Autonomic and Perceptual Responses to Resistance Training Performed With and Without Blood Flow Restriction" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 11, no. 2: 235. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020235

APA Style

Steiger, P. H. d. S., Almeida, T. A. F., Massini, D. A., Zanini, G. d. S., de Oliveira, D. M., Hernández-Beltrán, V., Gamonales, J. M., Espada, M. C., Filho, D. M. P., Filho, & Macedo, A. G. (2026). Acute Autonomic and Perceptual Responses to Resistance Training Performed With and Without Blood Flow Restriction. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 11(2), 235. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020235

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop