Physical Activity for Health—An Overview and an Update of the Physical Activity Guidelines of the Italian Ministry of Health
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Numbers
3. The Benefits of Physical Activity
- improves glucose tolerance and reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes;
- prevents hypercholesterolemia and hypertension and reduces the levels of blood pressure and cholesterol;
- decreases the risk of developing heart disease and several cancers, such as those of the colon and breast;
- reduces the risk of premature death, especially that caused by heart attacks and other heart diseases;
- prevents and reduces the risk of osteoporosis and fractures, as well as musculoskeletal disorders (e.g., back pain);
- prevents and reduces the risk of osteoarthritis and other rheumatic diseases;
- reduces the symptoms of anxiety, stress, physical limitations, fatigue, and depression;
- prevents, especially among children and young people, risky behaviors such as the use of tobacco, alcohol, unhealthy diets, and bullying and promotes psychological well-being by developing self-esteem, making the management of anxiety and stressful situations easier; and
- produces an energy expenditure and decreases the risk of obesity.
4. Which Physical Activity?
5. How to Move?
6. Children
7. Pregnant Women
8. Elderly People
9. People Who Have no Time
- go to work or to school on foot or by bicycle;
- when using public transportation, get off one stop earlier and finish on foot;
- do not take the car to make short trips, and, when you use it, park a little farther from the destination;
- take the stairs instead of the elevator;
- walk the dog;
- do gardening or housework;
- go dancing;
- train at home listening to music (or a home exercise program); and
- play with children, possibly outdoors or through activities that require physical movement.
10. People Who Have Diseases
11. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Objectives | Principles |
---|---|
Promote a better understanding of health-enhancing physical activity and give a stronger voice to physical activity promotion in health policy and in other relevant sectors in Europe, including support for workforce development. | Focus on population-based approaches for the promotion of health-enhancing physical activity using the best available scientific evidence. |
Develop, support, and disseminate effective strategies and multi-sectoral approaches in the promotion of health-enhancing physical activity. | Emphasis on the importance of monitoring and evaluation; encouragement of the development of standardized measurement methods and systematic research. |
Foster the preservation and creation of social and physical environments as well as values and lifestyles supportive of health-enhancing physical activity. | Encouragement of the ongoing exchange, dissemination, and sharing of experience and knowledge. |
Together with other relevant institutions and organizations, improve coordination in physical activity promotion across sectors and administrative structures. | Support of cooperation, partnerships, and collaboration with other related sectors, networks, and approaches. |
© 2016 by the author; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Musumeci, G. Physical Activity for Health—An Overview and an Update of the Physical Activity Guidelines of the Italian Ministry of Health. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2016, 1, 269-275. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk1030269
Musumeci G. Physical Activity for Health—An Overview and an Update of the Physical Activity Guidelines of the Italian Ministry of Health. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2016; 1(3):269-275. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk1030269
Chicago/Turabian StyleMusumeci, Giuseppe. 2016. "Physical Activity for Health—An Overview and an Update of the Physical Activity Guidelines of the Italian Ministry of Health" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 1, no. 3: 269-275. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk1030269
APA StyleMusumeci, G. (2016). Physical Activity for Health—An Overview and an Update of the Physical Activity Guidelines of the Italian Ministry of Health. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 1(3), 269-275. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk1030269