Electrodynamics of s-Wave Superconductors Using First-Order Formalism
Department of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
Academic Editor: Antonio Bianconi
Condens. Matter 2017, 2(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat2020020
Received: 8 May 2017 / Revised: 29 May 2017 / Accepted: 31 May 2017 / Published: 6 June 2017
In this paper we give a derivation of a system of equations which generalize the London brothers and Ginzburg–Landau systems of equations, to describe the electrodynamics of s-wave superconductors. First, we consider a relativistically covariant theory in terms of gauge four-vector electromagnetic potential and scalar complex field. We use the first-order formalism to obtain the supplemented Maxwell equations for gauge-invariant electric, magnetic, four-vector fields and the modulus of the superconducting order parameter. The new four-vector field appears in some of the equations as a gauge-invariant super-current, and in other ones, while gauge invariant, as a four-vector electromagnetic potential. This dual contribution of the new four-vector field is the basis of the electrodynamics of superconductors. We focus on the system of equations with time-independent fields. The qualitative analysis shows that the applied magnetic field suppresses the superconductivity, while the applied electric field impacts oppositely, supporting it. Secondly, we consider time-dependent non-relativistic Ginzburg–Landau theory.
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Keywords:
electrodynamics; superconductivity; Maxwell equations
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MDPI and ACS Style
Karchev, N. Electrodynamics of s-Wave Superconductors Using First-Order Formalism. Condens. Matter 2017, 2, 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat2020020
AMA Style
Karchev N. Electrodynamics of s-Wave Superconductors Using First-Order Formalism. Condensed Matter. 2017; 2(2):20. https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat2020020
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarchev, Naoum. 2017. "Electrodynamics of s-Wave Superconductors Using First-Order Formalism" Condens. Matter 2, no. 2: 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat2020020
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