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Volume 8
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10.3390/fishes8020081
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Article

Effects of Phosphate-Enriched Nutrient in the Polyculture of Nile Tilapia and Freshwater Prawn in an Aquaponic System

by
Soko Nuswantoro
1,2,†,
Tzu-Yuan Sung
3,†,
Meki Kurniawan
3,
Tsung-Meng Wu
4,
Bonien Chen
1,* and
Ming-Chang Hong
3,*
1
Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811213, Taiwan
2
Study Program of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
3
Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811213, Taiwan
4
Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Fishes 2023, 8(2), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8020081
Submission received: 22 December 2022 / Revised: 21 January 2023 / Accepted: 28 January 2023 / Published: 30 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Aquaculture)
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Abstract

Aquaponic systems are made up of hydroponic beds and recycled aquaculture systems. The significant elements that determine how effectively an aquaponic system operates are the nitrogen cycle (nitrification) and the phosphorus cycle (phosphate). Because some research indicates that aquaponics systems are primarily deficient in phosphorus, phosphate-enriched nutrients were added to raise the phosphorus levels. During an eight-week experimental period, the effects of water quality parameters and microbiology, animal and plant growth performance, chlorophyll compounds in lettuce, and the bacterial community were analyzed. Phosphate concentration (1.604 ± 1.933 mg L−1) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) (1.19 × 102 ± 1.30 CFU mL−1) give significant positive reactions to the added nutrients. However, the prawn survival rate (17.00 ± 0.63%) showed a significantly negative response to nutrition modification containing phosphate, and the percentage of bacterial pathogens became more dominant (pathogen 40.51%; N_bacteria 35.05%; probiotics 24.44%). This study shows that adding phosphate increases phosphorus levels in an aquaponics system and changes the microbial community and species growth performance.
Keywords: aquaponic system; phosphate deficiency; phosphorus level; microbial community aquaponic system; phosphate deficiency; phosphorus level; microbial community

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nuswantoro, S.; Sung, T.-Y.; Kurniawan, M.; Wu, T.-M.; Chen, B.; Hong, M.-C. Effects of Phosphate-Enriched Nutrient in the Polyculture of Nile Tilapia and Freshwater Prawn in an Aquaponic System. Fishes 2023, 8, 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8020081

AMA Style

Nuswantoro S, Sung T-Y, Kurniawan M, Wu T-M, Chen B, Hong M-C. Effects of Phosphate-Enriched Nutrient in the Polyculture of Nile Tilapia and Freshwater Prawn in an Aquaponic System. Fishes. 2023; 8(2):81. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8020081

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuswantoro, Soko, Tzu-Yuan Sung, Meki Kurniawan, Tsung-Meng Wu, Bonien Chen, and Ming-Chang Hong. 2023. "Effects of Phosphate-Enriched Nutrient in the Polyculture of Nile Tilapia and Freshwater Prawn in an Aquaponic System" Fishes 8, no. 2: 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8020081

APA Style

Nuswantoro, S., Sung, T.-Y., Kurniawan, M., Wu, T.-M., Chen, B., & Hong, M.-C. (2023). Effects of Phosphate-Enriched Nutrient in the Polyculture of Nile Tilapia and Freshwater Prawn in an Aquaponic System. Fishes, 8(2), 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8020081

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