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Article

In Vitro Effects of Bisphenol A and Tetrabromobisphenol A on Cell Viability and Reproduction-Related Gene Expression in Pituitaries from Sexually Maturing Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.)

by
Kristine von Krogh
1,
Erik Ropstad
2,
Rasoul Nourizadeh-Lillabadi
1,
Trude Marie Haug
3 and
Finn-Arne Weltzien
1,*
1
Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
2
Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
3
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Fishes 2019, 4(3), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes4030048
Submission received: 30 July 2019 / Revised: 21 August 2019 / Accepted: 4 September 2019 / Published: 17 September 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fish as Model Organisms for (Eco)Toxicology and Disease)
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Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) are widely used industrial chemicals, ubiquitously present in the environment. While BPA is a well-known endocrine disruptor and able to affect all levels of the teleost reproductive axis, information regarding TBBPA on this subject is very limited. Using primary cultures from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), the present study was aimed at investigating potential direct effects of acute (72 h) BPA and TBBPA exposure on cell viability and the expression of reproductive-relevant genes in the pituitary. The results revealed that both bisphenols stimulate cell viability in terms of metabolic activity and membrane integrity at environmentally relevant concentrations. BPA had no direct effects on gonadotropin gene expression, but enhanced the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor 2a, the main gonadotropin modulator in Atlantic cod. In contrast, TBBPA increased gonadotropin transcript levels but had no effect on GnRH receptor mRNA. In conclusion, both anthropogenic compounds display endocrine disruptive properties and are able to directly interfere with gene expression related to reproductive function in cod pituitary cells at environmentally relevant concentrations in vitro.
Keywords: gonadotropin; GnRH receptor; endocrine disruption; reproduction; teleost gonadotropin; GnRH receptor; endocrine disruption; reproduction; teleost
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MDPI and ACS Style

von Krogh, K.; Ropstad, E.; Nourizadeh-Lillabadi, R.; Haug, T.M.; Weltzien, F.-A. In Vitro Effects of Bisphenol A and Tetrabromobisphenol A on Cell Viability and Reproduction-Related Gene Expression in Pituitaries from Sexually Maturing Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.). Fishes 2019, 4, 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes4030048

AMA Style

von Krogh K, Ropstad E, Nourizadeh-Lillabadi R, Haug TM, Weltzien F-A. In Vitro Effects of Bisphenol A and Tetrabromobisphenol A on Cell Viability and Reproduction-Related Gene Expression in Pituitaries from Sexually Maturing Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.). Fishes. 2019; 4(3):48. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes4030048

Chicago/Turabian Style

von Krogh, Kristine, Erik Ropstad, Rasoul Nourizadeh-Lillabadi, Trude Marie Haug, and Finn-Arne Weltzien. 2019. "In Vitro Effects of Bisphenol A and Tetrabromobisphenol A on Cell Viability and Reproduction-Related Gene Expression in Pituitaries from Sexually Maturing Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.)" Fishes 4, no. 3: 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes4030048

APA Style

von Krogh, K., Ropstad, E., Nourizadeh-Lillabadi, R., Haug, T. M., & Weltzien, F.-A. (2019). In Vitro Effects of Bisphenol A and Tetrabromobisphenol A on Cell Viability and Reproduction-Related Gene Expression in Pituitaries from Sexually Maturing Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.). Fishes, 4(3), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes4030048

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