Hyperuricemia as a Systemic Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease: A Review of Clinical and Microbial Evidence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Periodontal Disease
1.2. Gout Disease
1.3. Linking Periodontal Disease and Gout
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Inclusion Criteria
2.2. Exclusion Criteria
2.3. Study Selection
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Periodontal Pathogen
4.2. Inflammatory Response
4.3. Periodontal Treatment
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study (Author, Year) | Number of Cases | Variables Investigated | Type of Study | Key Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|
Inflammation | ||||
Chen et al. (2020) [7] | Not specified | Relationship between hyperuricemia and periodontitis | Hypothesis/theoretical study | Suggests hyperuricemia may be a risk factor for periodontitis due to its effects on inflammation and oxidative stress |
Hou et al. (2022) [8] | Review (no original cases) | Association between hyperuricemia and periodontitis (mechanisms, evidence from studies) | Narrative review | Highlights biological links: inflammation, oxidative stress, immune dysregulation. Suggests hyperuricemia may contribute to periodontitis progression |
Uppin and Varghese (2023) [16] | Systematic review (multiple studies included) | Role of uric acid in oral and systemic health | Systematic review | Compiles evidence linking uric acid to oral inflammatory conditions, including periodontitis; notes dual role—antioxidant and pro-inflammatory |
Gradinaru et al. (2020) [17] | Review/discussion (case-based) | Oral manifestations of gout, metabolic disorders | Narrative review/case-based | Highlights links between gout, hyperuricemia and oral lesions including possible periodontal impact in the context of metabolic syndrome |
Chen et al. (2020) (Taiwan) [18] | Large national population dataset (exact number not specified here) | Gout as a risk factor for periodontal disease | Population-based cohort study | Found statistically significant association between gout and increased risk of developing periodontitis |
Ye et al. (2023) [12] | Systematic review and meta-analysis (include multiple studies) | Uric acid levels in blood and oral fluids in relation to periodontitis | Systematic review and meta-analysis | Significant association found: higher uric acid levels in individuals with periodontitis, especially in oral fluids; supports link between hyperuricemia and periodontal inflammation |
Bai et al. (2024) [19] | Not specified in the citation (likely a population sample) | Serum uric acid levels and periodontitis status | Cross-sectional study | Found a positive association between elevated serum uric acid and periodontitis; suggests uric acid may serve as a biomarker or modifiable risk factor |
Salivary Metabolites | ||||
Tsai et al. (2021) [20] | 1123 participants | serum triglycerides, serum uric acid, plasma glucose | Case-control study | Links metabolic biomarkers to periodontitis in young adults |
Narendra et al. (2018) [21] | 46 patients with chronic periodontitis, 32 patients with aggressive periodontitis, and 50 healthy controls | specific metabolites (lactate, acetates) | Observational | Superoxide dismutase (SOD), nonenzymatic antioxidant uric acid, and lipid peroxidation suggests uric acid as a risk factor to periodontal disease |
Barnes et al. (2009) [10] | 22 persons with chronic periodontitis | reactive oxygen species (ROS) production | Research reports | Highlights increased purine degradation in periodontal disease |
Byun et al. (2020) [9] | 173,209 participants, 8809 with hyperuricemia and 126,465 controls (non-hyperuricemia) | reactive oxygen species (ROS) production | A cross-sectional study | Examines hyperuricemia-periodontitis association in a large cohort study |
Periodontal Pathogens | ||||
Yu et al. (2021) [22] | N/A | Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Helicobacter pylor | Review | Gut microbiota influences the development of various diseases (e.g., metabolic, immune, neurological, cancer). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) shows potential as a therapy |
Kim et al. (2022) [2] | 60 patients | Firmicutes Bacteroidetes and Prevotella Bacteroides | Cross-sectional | Identifies distinct gut microbiota patterns in hyperuricemic patients |
Liu et al. (2018) [1] | 23 gout patients, and 19 healthy control subjects | Prevotella Intermedia | Case-control study | Finds increased abundance in gout patients, linking oral microbiota changes with systemic inflammation |
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Dumitriu, A.S.; Paunica, S.; Bodnar, I.; Ciongaru, D.N.; Mocanu, B.F.; Giurgiu, M.C.; Popescu, G.A.D.; Bodnar, D. Hyperuricemia as a Systemic Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease: A Review of Clinical and Microbial Evidence. J. Mind Med. Sci. 2025, 12, 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12010032
Dumitriu AS, Paunica S, Bodnar I, Ciongaru DN, Mocanu BF, Giurgiu MC, Popescu GAD, Bodnar D. Hyperuricemia as a Systemic Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease: A Review of Clinical and Microbial Evidence. Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences. 2025; 12(1):32. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12010032
Chicago/Turabian StyleDumitriu, Anca Silvia, Stana Paunica, Irina Bodnar, Dragos Nicolae Ciongaru, Brindusa Florina Mocanu, Marina Cristina Giurgiu, George Alexandru Denis Popescu, and Dana Bodnar. 2025. "Hyperuricemia as a Systemic Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease: A Review of Clinical and Microbial Evidence" Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences 12, no. 1: 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12010032
APA StyleDumitriu, A. S., Paunica, S., Bodnar, I., Ciongaru, D. N., Mocanu, B. F., Giurgiu, M. C., Popescu, G. A. D., & Bodnar, D. (2025). Hyperuricemia as a Systemic Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease: A Review of Clinical and Microbial Evidence. Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences, 12(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12010032