The “Black Pattern”, a Simplified Ultrasound Approach to Non-Traumatic Abdominal Emergencies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Black: US Features
2.1. Looking for Black Where It Should Not Be
2.1.1. Non-Traumatic Hemoperitoneum
2.1.2. Non-Traumatic Free Fluid
2.1.3. Post-Surgical Complications
Bowel
Urinary Tract
Gynecological Tract
Gallbladder
Inflammatory Diseases
Intraparenchymal Fluid Lesions
Soft Tissue
2.2. Looking to See If There Is Too Much Black Where It Is Normally Present
2.2.1. Vessels
2.2.2. Urinary Tract
2.2.3. Biliary Tract
2.2.4. Bowel
2.3. Looking for Black That Is Not Clearly Black
2.3.1. Vessels
2.3.2. Urinary Tract
2.3.3. Biliary Tract
3. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Right Upper Quadrant | Morison pouch (hepatorenal recess), Liver tip (right paracolic gutter) |
Left Upper Quadrant | Subphrenic space, Splenorenal recess, Spleen tip (left paracolic gutter) |
Pelvic | Rectovesical pouch (male subjects) or, rectouterine/pouch of Douglas (female subjects) |
Between Bowel Loops | Global view [3] |
Surgical Site | Intrabdominal Soft tissue |
Intraparenchymal |
Too Much Black | Black Where It Should Not Be | Black That Is Not Clearly Black | |
---|---|---|---|
Urinary Tract | Renal colic Urinary obstruction | Ruptured urinary tract Complicated renal colic Urinoma Extrarenal diffusion of inflammatory/infectious process | Lithiasis Pyonephrosis Blood, clot/hemorrhage Hemorrhagic cyst |
Bladder | Overdistension | Perforation Perivisceral inflammation | Cystitis Endoluminal mass Blood clot Lithiasis |
Biliary tract | Biliary obstruction | Perivisceral inflammation Biloma | Intrabiliary lithiasis Cholangitis |
Gallbladder | Cholecystitis | Perforation Perivisceral inflammation Perivisceral infected collection | Lithiasic cholecystitis Acalculous cholecystitis Emphysematous cholecystitis Mass |
Small bowel | Obstruction | Perforation Obstruction Decompensated/complicated ileus | |
Aorta | Aneurysm | Ruptured aneurysm | Thrombosis Dissection |
Veins | Peri vessels oedema (phlebitis) | Thrombosis | |
Intraparenchymal | Infected cyst Infectious cyst Hematoma Abscess Aneurysm Pseudoaneurysm |
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Tamburrini, S.; Consoli, L.; Garrone, M.; Sfuncia, G.; Lugarà, M.; Coppola, M.G.; Piccirillo, M.; Toto, R.; Stella, S.M.; Sofia, S.; et al. The “Black Pattern”, a Simplified Ultrasound Approach to Non-Traumatic Abdominal Emergencies. Tomography 2022, 8, 798-814. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography8020066
Tamburrini S, Consoli L, Garrone M, Sfuncia G, Lugarà M, Coppola MG, Piccirillo M, Toto R, Stella SM, Sofia S, et al. The “Black Pattern”, a Simplified Ultrasound Approach to Non-Traumatic Abdominal Emergencies. Tomography. 2022; 8(2):798-814. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography8020066
Chicago/Turabian StyleTamburrini, Stefania, Letizia Consoli, Marco Garrone, Giuseppe Sfuncia, Marina Lugarà, Maria Gabriella Coppola, Miryam Piccirillo, Roberta Toto, Salvatore Massimo Stella, Soccorsa Sofia, and et al. 2022. "The “Black Pattern”, a Simplified Ultrasound Approach to Non-Traumatic Abdominal Emergencies" Tomography 8, no. 2: 798-814. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography8020066