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Tomography
Volume 5
Issue 2
10.18383/j.tom.2019.00008
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Article

A Carbon-Fiber Sheet Resistor for MR-, CT-, SPECT-, and PET-Compatible Temperature Maintenance in Small Animals

by
Veerle Kersemans
*,
Stuart Gilchrist
,
Sheena Wallington
,
Philip D. Allen
,
Ana L. Gomes
,
Gemma M. Dias
,
Bart Cornelissen
,
Paul Kinchesh
and
Sean C. Smart
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Tomography 2019, 5(2), 274-281; https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2019.00008
Submission received: 8 March 2019 / Revised: 6 April 2019 / Accepted: 1 May 2019 / Published: 1 June 2019
Versions Notes

Abstract

A magnetic resonance (MR)-, computed tomography (CT)-, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-, and positron emission tomography (PET)-compatible carbon-fiber sheet resistor for temperature maintenance in small animals where space limitations prevent the use of circulating fluids was developed. A 250 Ω carbon-fiber sheet resistor was mounted to the underside of an imaging cradle. Alternating current, operating at 99 kHz, and with a power of 1-2 W, was applied to the resistor providing a cradle base temperature of ∼37 °C. Temperature control was implemented with a proportional–integral–derivative controller, and temperature maintenance was demonstrated in 4 mice positioned in both MR and PET/SPECT/CT scanners. MR and CT compatibility were also shown, and multimodal MR-CT-PET-SPECT imaging of the mouse abdomen was performed in vivo. Core temperature was maintained at 35.5 °C ± 0.2 °C. No line-shape, frequency, or image distortions attributable to the current flow through the heater were observed on MR. Upon CT imaging, no heater-related artifacts were observed when carbon-fiber was used. Multimodal imaging was performed and images could be easily coregistered, displayed, analyzed, and presented. Carbon fiber sheet resistors powered with high-frequency alternating current allow homeothermic maintenance that is compatible with multimodal imaging. The heater is small, and it is easy to produce and integrate into multimodal imaging cradles.
Keywords: carbon fiber; heater; multimodal imaging; MR-CT-PET-SPECT compatibility carbon fiber; heater; multimodal imaging; MR-CT-PET-SPECT compatibility

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Kersemans, V.; Gilchrist, S.; Wallington, S.; Allen, P.D.; Gomes, A.L.; Dias, G.M.; Cornelissen, B.; Kinchesh, P.; Smart, S.C. A Carbon-Fiber Sheet Resistor for MR-, CT-, SPECT-, and PET-Compatible Temperature Maintenance in Small Animals. Tomography 2019, 5, 274-281. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2019.00008

AMA Style

Kersemans V, Gilchrist S, Wallington S, Allen PD, Gomes AL, Dias GM, Cornelissen B, Kinchesh P, Smart SC. A Carbon-Fiber Sheet Resistor for MR-, CT-, SPECT-, and PET-Compatible Temperature Maintenance in Small Animals. Tomography. 2019; 5(2):274-281. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2019.00008

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kersemans, Veerle, Stuart Gilchrist, Sheena Wallington, Philip D. Allen, Ana L. Gomes, Gemma M. Dias, Bart Cornelissen, Paul Kinchesh, and Sean C. Smart. 2019. "A Carbon-Fiber Sheet Resistor for MR-, CT-, SPECT-, and PET-Compatible Temperature Maintenance in Small Animals" Tomography 5, no. 2: 274-281. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2019.00008

APA Style

Kersemans, V., Gilchrist, S., Wallington, S., Allen, P. D., Gomes, A. L., Dias, G. M., Cornelissen, B., Kinchesh, P., & Smart, S. C. (2019). A Carbon-Fiber Sheet Resistor for MR-, CT-, SPECT-, and PET-Compatible Temperature Maintenance in Small Animals. Tomography, 5(2), 274-281. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2019.00008

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