Foot Bionics Research Based on Reindeer Hoof Attachment Mechanism and Macro/Microstructures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Simulation Analysis of Attachment between Reindeer Ungula and Frozen Soil
2.1. Sample Selection
2.2. Three-Dimensional Modeling and Reconstruction of the Ungula
2.3. Plantar Pressure of the Forefeet during Trotting
2.4. Friction Simulation Parameters and Conditions
2.5. Simulation Results with Ungula and Frozen Soil
3. Microstructures of Plantar Tissues
3.1. Sample Processing
3.2. Microstructures
4. Bionic Foot Design, Processing, Strength Check, and Attachment Test
4.1. Bionic Design
4.1.1. Anterior of a Bionic Ribbed Foot
4.1.2. Anterior of the Bionic Ribless Foot
4.1.3. Design of a Bionic Ungula Capsule
4.1.4. Comparative Design of Multidamboard Foot
4.2. Strength Check of Bionic Foot
4.2.1. Simulation Parameters and Conditions
4.2.2. Strength Analysis
4.3. Attachment Experiment on Frozen Soil
4.3.1. Engineering Processing
4.3.2. Friction Testing Machine
4.3.3. Experimental Conditions
4.3.4. Undisturbed Frozen Soil Attachment Test
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Height (mm) | Upper Surface Area (mm2) | Lower Surface Contact Area (mm2) | |
---|---|---|---|
Bionic foot | 25.00 | 14,307.10 | 2324.00 |
Multidamboard foot | 25.00 | 14,224.20 | 2326.21 |
Model | Density ρ (t/mm3) | Elastic Modulus E (MPa) | Poisson’s Ratio γ | Data Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Stainless steel | 7.85 × 10−9 | 2.06 × 105 | 0.30 | [28] |
ABS | 1.10 × 10−9 | 2.20 × 103 | 0.40 | [29] |
Hard rubber | 3.00 × 10−9 | 13.23 | 0.47 | Material tests |
Frozen soil | 1.80 × 10−9 | 34.12 | 0.29 | Material tests and [30] |
Hardness | Mean ± Deviation | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soft rubber | 60 | 62 | 61 | 59 | 58 | 60 | 56 | 64 | 62 | 58 | 60 ± 2.4 |
Hard rubber | 88 | 85 | 85 | 82 | 85 | 87 | 83 | 84 | 89 | 82 | 85 ± 2.4 |
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Li, G.; Zhang, R.; Luo, Y.; Liu, Y.; Cao, Q.; Song, J. Foot Bionics Research Based on Reindeer Hoof Attachment Mechanism and Macro/Microstructures. Biomimetics 2023, 8, 600. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8080600
Li G, Zhang R, Luo Y, Liu Y, Cao Q, Song J. Foot Bionics Research Based on Reindeer Hoof Attachment Mechanism and Macro/Microstructures. Biomimetics. 2023; 8(8):600. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8080600
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Guoyu, Rui Zhang, Yexuan Luo, Yue Liu, Qiang Cao, and Jiafeng Song. 2023. "Foot Bionics Research Based on Reindeer Hoof Attachment Mechanism and Macro/Microstructures" Biomimetics 8, no. 8: 600. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8080600