Insights into Women’s Occupational Health and Safety: A Decade in Review of Primary Data Studies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Research Question 1. How much attention did research studies draw to women’s health and safety in workplaces between 2010 and 2021?
- Research Question 2. In which occupations within specific sectors have research studies primarily concentrated on the female population, examining women’s OHS in those occupations?
- Research Question 3. Based on previous research studies, what are the primary OHS challenges or issues that women face in the occupations identified from Research Question 2?
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Selection of Studies
- Only English-language articles were included. Therefore, articles in languages other than English were excluded.
- Only articles with full-text availability were included.
- Review articles, editorials, letters to the editor, articles presented at seminars and conferences, reports and books were excluded.
- Only articles that used primary data, with all or part of their participants from the female population, were included.
- Studies that included both women and men in their research but presented results in a generalized manner were excluded from the study because the focus of this review is on women’s OHS. Therefore, studies that did not present results focused on women were excluded. It is worth noting that this review does not intend to compare the OHS challenges faced by men and women. Instead, its focus is specifically on women.
- Studies that were unrelated to the human population (e.g., animal population) were excluded.
2.3. Quality Assessment of Articles
2.4. Screening Process
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary Results Based on the Literature
3.2. Results Related to Occupations in Specific Sectors as Found in the Literature
4. Discussion
4.1. OHS Challenges or Issues for Women in Specific Occupations Based on the Literature
4.1.1. OHS Challenges or Issues Faced by Female HCWs
- Female HCWs are at high risk of job stress and job burnout, both of which can lead to less effective nursing care and psychological problems (11 studies);
- Three studies conducted between 2010 and 2021 considered workplace violence as a factor affecting the health level of female HCWs. Overall, the results showed that female HCWs were exposed to varying degrees of verbal, organizational, sexual, and physical violence;
- Another factor affecting HCWs health is fatigue due to high workload, long hours of work, and stress. Among the studies conducted in the field of fatigue, two were found in this case;
- Sleep is an essential factor that plays an important role in health. Sleep, as a physiological mechanism of the body, can restore lost power and eliminate fatigue caused by activity. Sleep disturbances can lead to physical and mental problems and a decrease in performance. One case study related to the sleep health of women working in the healthcare sector showed the results of sleep disturbances in working women;
- Two studies investigated the use of PPE related to reduced employee health levels;
- HCWs are at risk of ischemic heart disease (one study).
4.1.2. OHS Challenges or Issues Faced by Female Farm and Forestry Workers
4.1.3. OHS Challenges or Issues Faced by Female Office Staff
4.1.4. OHS Challenges or Issues Faced by Female Firefighters
4.1.5. OHS Challenges or Issues Faced by Female Police Officers
4.1.6. OHS Challenges or Issues Faced by Female Teachers
4.1.7. OHS Challenges or Issues Faced by Female Nail Technicians
4.1.8. OHS Challenges or Issues Faced by Female Workers in the Clothing Industry
4.1.9. OHS Challenges or Issues Faced by Female General Industrial Workers
4.2. Strengths Impact, and Future Research Avenues
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Country | Documents | Citations | Average Number of Citations per Document | Total Link Strength * |
---|---|---|---|---|
USA | 10 | 290 | 29 | 6 |
South Korea | 7 | 64 | 9.1 | 0 |
Spain | 6 | 168 | 28 | 1 |
Australia | 5 | 129 | 25.8 | 4 |
Canada | 4 | 95 | 23.7 | 1 |
China | 4 | 184 | 46 | 1 |
Netherlands | 3 | 66 | 22 | 3 |
Thailand | 3 | 52 | 17.3 | 2 |
Bangladesh | 2 | 10 | 5 | 2 |
Iran | 2 | 28 | 14 | 0 |
Journals | Documents | Citations | Impact Factor | Total Link Strength * |
---|---|---|---|---|
Safety and Health at Work | 5 | 59 | 3.5 | 10 |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 4 | 84 | - | 28 |
Journal of Agromedicine | 3 | 68 | 2.4 | 5 |
Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 3 | 86 | 4.9 | 5 |
Annals of Work Exposures and Health | 2 | 49 | 2.6 | 4 |
BMJ Open | 2 | 18 | 2.9 | 5 |
Medicine | 2 | 76 | 1.6 | 9 |
Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health | 2 | 62 | 6.3 | 8 |
African Journal of Agricultural Research | 1 | 13 | - | 0 |
Anesthesia and Intensive Care | 1 | 9 | - | 3 |
Keyword | Occurrence | Total Link Strength * |
---|---|---|
Health | 14 | 31 |
Safety | 13 | 30 |
Stress | 11 | 26 |
Gender | 11 | 17 |
Women | 8 | 20 |
Symptoms | 8 | 16 |
Burnout | 8 | 15 |
Management | 6 | 15 |
Prevalence | 6 | 12 |
Depression | 6 | 12 |
Row | Author | Year | Occupation | Type of Study | Target of the Study | Number of Women Investigated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Teeraphun Kaewdok [34] | 2021 | Farm and forestry workers | Cross-Sectional | Risk identification of MSDs among farmers | 284 |
2 | Ramirez-Moreno [41] | 2021 | Healthcare workers | Cross-Sectional | Possible effects of the mask on new headaches during the COVID-19 pandemic | 244 |
3 | Alessia Abderhalden-Zellweger [42] | 2021 | Office staff | Qualitative | Maternity support at work, work-match strategies, and pregnancy | 202 |
4 | Alak Paul [43] | 2021 | Farm and forestry workers | NIP * | Tobacco’s effect on farm workers’ health | 48 |
5 | J Ahn [44] | 2021 | General industrial workers | Cross-Sectional | Study on the effect of long working hours with infertility | 5909 |
6 | Fattori A [45] | 2021 | Healthcare workers | Observational | Systematic study of mental health in health workers | 353 |
7 | M Faghihi [46] | 2021 | Healthcare workers | Qualitative | Explaining the components of workplace violence against nurses from the perspective of working women in hospital | 21 |
8 | AM Stelnicki [47] | 2021 | Healthcare workers | NIP | Prevalence of mental disorders among nurses | 4067 |
9 | A Aiswarya [48] | 2021 | Garment industry workers | Cross-Sectional | Identification of occupational health problems, assessment of nutrition specifications and anthropometric changes, comparison of sleeping hours of working women, and evaluation of job stress levels before and during COVID-19 quarantine in female weavers | 100 |
10 | Uymaz Pelin [49] | 2021 | Healthcare workers | Descriptive | Frequency of exposure to occupational accidents | 83 |
11 | Jenny V. Dang [50] | 2021 | Nail technicians | Qualitative | Assessing and promoting nail technicians’ health | 23 |
12 | Poursadeqiyan Mohsen [51] | 2020 | Healthcare workers | Cross-Sectional | Determining the relationship between safety climate and nurses’ job fatigue | 82 |
13 | Chae Young Hong [52] | 2020 | Farm and forestry workers | Cross-Sectional | Relationship between meniscus tear and occupational risk factors in the agricultural profession | 248 |
14 | Bani-Issa Wegdan [53] | 2020 | Healthcare workers | Cross-Sectional | Stress assessment among healthcare workers (HCWs) using cortisol level measurements, mental stress, and sleep quality | 335 |
15 | Liu Yujie [54] | 2020 | Healthcare workers | Cross-Sectional | Evaluation of risk factors related to violence in the workplace | 847 |
16 | Harthi Moussa [55] | 2020 | Healthcare workers | Cross-Sectional | Estimating prevalence and potential factors associated with workplace violence | 215 |
17 | RN Carleton [56] | 2020 | Police officers | Cross-Sectional | Review of mental disorders | 451 |
18 | H Chun [57] | 2020 | General industrial workers | Cross-Sectional | Investigating the critical factors of mental problems and the occurrence of depression | 5173 |
19 | SB Vilella [58] | 2020 | Teachers | Descriptive | Job satisfaction levels, fatigue, and burnout in teachers | 102 |
20 | M Boström [59] | 2020 | Teachers | Cross-Sectional | Describing how teachers experience health in the workplace, the social and safety climate, and socio-psychological health at work | 387 |
21 | Y Lagrosen [60] | 2020 | Teachers | NIP | Review of gender differences in the field of quality management experience and workplace health | 183 |
22 | Sujin Lee [61] | 2019 | Farm and forestry workers | NIP | Evaluation of hearing disorders in farmers | 1121 |
23 | Memon Qurat Ul Ain [18] | 2019 | Farm and forestry workers | NIP | Study of the problem related to the health of harvest workers in the face of pesticides and the necessity of using PPE | 260 |
24 | Watkins Emily R [35] | 2019 | Firefighters | NIP | Identification of female fire fighters’ health problems | 840 |
25 | Claudia C.Ma [62] | 2019 | Police officers | NIP | Analysis of the relationship between stress, sleep quality, and incidence of occupational accidents | 100 |
26 | Villar Rocio [63] | 2019 | Healthcare workers | Cohort | Investigating the relationship between workplace risk factors during pregnancy and absence from work | 428 |
27 | Rocha Luiz Junior [64] | 2019 | Healthcare workers | Cross-Sectional | Identifying factors related to the prevalence of burnout and job satisfaction among emergency personnel and special care staff | 33 |
28 | Gander Philippa [65] | 2019 | Healthcare workers | NIP | Investigating the increase in risk and fatigue of nurses | 2813 |
29 | Gu Bo [66] | 2019 | Healthcare workers | Cross-Sectional | The relationship between job stress and cognitive symptoms of nurses | 2795 |
30 | Jin Young Seo [67] | 2019 | Nail technicians | Cross-Sectional | Determining the similarities and differences in health effects, safety concerns, and the use of health services among immigrant women | 148 |
31 | Akhter Sadika [68] | 2019 | Garment industry workers | NIP | Study of violence and social norms in garment workers | 56 |
32 | J Ahn [69] | 2019 | General industrial workers | Cross-Sectional | Assessment of physical and mental health problems of workers | 11,023 |
33 | Pornpimol Kongtip [70] | 2018 | Farm and forestry workers | Cross-Sectional | Comparison of population statistics, working conditions, health of individuals, and the health behaviors in different agricultural workers | 255 |
34 | Park Jungsun [71] | 2018 | Office staff | NIP | Identification of work-related MSDs | 2248 |
35 | Oliveira AM de [72] | 2018 | Healthcare workers | Cross-Sectional | Investigating the relationship between individual and occupational aspects of hospital staff with job satisfaction, burnout, and depressive symptoms | 213 |
36 | Karien Stuetzle [73] | 2018 | Healthcare workers | NIP | Determining sources and effects of job fatigue | 115 |
37 | Azimi Hanifeh [74] | 2018 | Healthcare workers | Cross-Sectional | Determining the status of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses’ protection against radiation | 91 |
38 | Starc Jasmina [75] | 2018 | Healthcare workers | Descriptive | Determining the leading causes of stress and investigating the symptoms of stress among health care professionals at the primary and secondary level of health care | 318 |
39 | Tei-Tominaga Maki [76] | 2018 | Healthcare workers | Cross-Sectional | Studying the influence of supportive environments on occupational accidents, injury, and mental disorders | 822 |
40 | N Cherry [77] | 2018 | General industrial workers | Cohort | Difference between work type and health level in welding and electrical professionals | 447 |
41 | Sunindijo Riza Yosia [78] | 2017 | General industrial workers | NIP | Examining stress and factors influencing the conditions of stress in construction workers | 110 |
42 | Hyocher Kim [79] | 2016 | Farm and forestry workers | NIP | Identifying related agricultural job injuries and assessing the relationship between injury and possible risk factors | 7658 |
43 | Chen Chin-Huang [80] | 2016 | Healthcare workers | Cross-Sectional | Study on the effect of job satisfaction and stress on anxiety, depression symptoms, and perceived health status | 159 |
44 | A Honda [81] | 2015 | General industrial workers | NIP | Study on the impact of factors affecting the psychological issues of workers | 366 |
45 | Castro Marta [82] | 2015 | General industrial workers | NIP | Investigating the factors affecting the fatigue of airplane cabin crew | 39 |
46 | D Botha [83] | 2015 | General industrial workers | Descriptive | Investigating the health, safety, and hygiene of women working in mines | 290 |
47 | Allesøe Karen [84] | 2015 | Healthcare workers | Cohort | Physical activity in the workplace and ischemic heart disease | 12,093 |
48 | Evangelos C. Alexopoulo [85] | 2014 | Police officers | Cross-Sectional | Stress perception, job satisfaction, and the relationship between the two | 45 |
49 | Turk Meral [86] | 2014 | Healthcare workers | NIP | Relationship between organizational culture, burnout, and the quality of care in hospital | 36 |
50 | A Honda [87] | 2014 | Healthcare workers | NIP | Investigation of stress and mental health of elderly caregivers | 367 |
51 | Takashi TATSUSE [88] | 2013 | Office staff | NIP | Studying the relationship between job satisfaction and health problems related to stress | 570 |
52 | Artazcoz Lucía [89] | 2013 | Office staff | NIP | Studying the relationship between long working hours and family responsibilities | 6295 |
53 | J Berecki-Gisolf [90] | 2013 | General industrial workers | Cohort | Exploring factors determining workplace injury among workers | 28,428 |
54 | Kheiraoui F [91] | 2012 | Healthcare workers | Cross-Sectional | Assessing HCWs’ quality of life | 185 |
55 | E Van Houtte [92] | 2012 | Teachers | NIP | Assessment of risk factors and identification of new risk factors in teachers | 670 |
56 | Lederer Valérie [93] | 2012 | General industrial workers | Cohort | Assessing the impact of individual and psychological factors related to work and the effective physical and organizational factors after long-term disability | 169 |
57 | SG Herrero [94] | 2012 | General industrial workers | NIP | Analysis of gender differences in perceived stress | 5137 |
58 | A Wirtz [95] | 2012 | General industrial workers | Cross-Sectional | Investigating gender differences in the impact of long weekly working hours on occupational risk and injury | 48,099 |
59 | Julia Blanco-Muñoz [96] | 2011 | Farm and forestry workers | Case-Control | Description of the risk perceptions and methods related to the use of PPE | 35 |
60 | Xujun Zhang [97] | 2011 | Farm and forestry workers | Cross-Sectional | The study of prevalence and risk factors of acute poisoning with work-related pesticides among farmers | 351 |
61 | Sezgin Ouml Zden [98] | 2011 | Farm and forestry workers | NIP | Identification of the working conditions and attitudes of seasonal forestry workers regarding accidents and work safety | 47 |
62 | Saloshni Naidoo [99] | 2010 | Farm and forestry workers | Cross-Sectional | Investigation of training and safety practices when mixing and spraying pesticides, and levels of acetylcholinesterase among farmers | 803 |
Specific Occupations | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HCWs | Farm and Forestry Workers | Office Staff | Teachers | Firefighters | Police Officers | Nail Technicians | Workers in the Clothing Industry | General Industrial Workers | ||
OHS challenges or issues | Auditory and respiratory disorders | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
Allergies and skin problems | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
Conjunctivitis | ✓ | |||||||||
Cuts | ✓ | |||||||||
Depression and Anxiety | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
Digestive problems | ✓ | |||||||||
Educational interventions | ✓ | |||||||||
Fatigue | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
Gender-specific factors (e.g., menstrual health) | ✓ | |||||||||
High workload | ✓ | |||||||||
Toxic chemicals and Inhalation of fumes | ✓ | |||||||||
Ischemic heart disease | ✓ | |||||||||
Job satisfaction | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
Job stress and job burnout | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
Lack of sports facilities | ✓ | |||||||||
Long working hours | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
MSDs and pain | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
Poisoning with pesticides | ✓ | |||||||||
Poor working conditions | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
Pregnancy considerations | ✓ | |||||||||
Rehabilitation challenges | ✓ | |||||||||
Slip, trips, and falls | ✓ | |||||||||
Sleep | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
Strength and conditioning support | ✓ | |||||||||
Ability to meet job needs | ✓ | |||||||||
Use of PPE | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
Voice disorder | ✓ | |||||||||
Workplace violence | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Issues or Challenges | Author | A Summary of Studies |
---|---|---|
Job stress and job burnout | Rocha et al. [64] |
|
Turk et al. [86] |
| |
Starc [75] |
| |
Fattori et al. [45] |
| |
Oliveira et al. [72] |
| |
Chen et al. [80] |
| |
Tominaga [76] |
| |
Honda et al. [87] |
| |
Stelnicki et al. [47] |
| |
Gu et al. [66] |
| |
Bani-Issa et al. [53] |
| |
Workplace violence | Liu et al. [54] |
|
Harthi et al. [55] |
| |
Faghihi et al. [46] |
| |
Fatigue | Poursadeqiyan et al. [51] |
|
Stuetzle et al. [73] |
| |
Sleep | Gander et al. [65] |
|
The use of PPE | Ramirez-Moreno et al. [41] |
|
Azimi et al. [74] |
| |
Ischemic heart disease | Allesøe et al. [84] |
|
Issues or Challenges | Author | A Summary of Studies |
---|---|---|
Poisoning with pesticides | Blanco et al. [96] |
|
Naidoo et al. [99] |
| |
Zhang et al. [97] |
| |
Kongtip et al. [70] |
| |
MSDs | Kaewdok et al. [34] |
|
Hong [52] |
| |
Sezgin et al. [98] |
| |
Auditory and respiratory disorders | Lee et al. [61] |
|
Sezgin et al. [98] |
| |
Others (e.g., slips, trips, and falls, PPE and cut) | Kongtip et al. [70] |
|
Sezgin et al. [98] |
| |
Memon et al. [18] |
| |
Kim et al. [79] |
| |
Paul et al. [43] |
|
Issues or Challenges | Author | A Summary of Studies |
---|---|---|
Stress, fatigue, and sleep | Tatsuse and Sekine [88] |
|
Pregnancy considerations | Abderhalden-Zellweger et al. [42] |
|
Long working hours | Artazcoz et al. [89] |
|
MSDs | Park et al. [71] |
|
Issues or Challenges | Author | A Summary of Studies |
---|---|---|
Fatigue and job satisfaction | Vilella et al. [58] |
|
Boström et al. [59] |
| |
Workplace violence | Lagrosen et al. [60] |
|
Voice disorder | Van Houtte et al. [92] |
|
Industries/Units | Author | A Summary of Studies |
---|---|---|
Mining | Botha and Cronjé [83] |
|
Construction | Sunindijo and Kamardeen [78] |
|
Air transportation | Castro et al. [82] |
|
Welding and electrical units | Cherry et al. [77] |
|
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Share and Cite
Bolghanabadi, S.; Haghighi, A.; Jahangiri, M. Insights into Women’s Occupational Health and Safety: A Decade in Review of Primary Data Studies. Safety 2024, 10, 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety10020047
Bolghanabadi S, Haghighi A, Jahangiri M. Insights into Women’s Occupational Health and Safety: A Decade in Review of Primary Data Studies. Safety. 2024; 10(2):47. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety10020047
Chicago/Turabian StyleBolghanabadi, Somayeh, Aida Haghighi, and Mehdi Jahangiri. 2024. "Insights into Women’s Occupational Health and Safety: A Decade in Review of Primary Data Studies" Safety 10, no. 2: 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety10020047
APA StyleBolghanabadi, S., Haghighi, A., & Jahangiri, M. (2024). Insights into Women’s Occupational Health and Safety: A Decade in Review of Primary Data Studies. Safety, 10(2), 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety10020047