Simulating Evaluation Method on Heating Performances of Magnetic Nanoparticles with Temperature-Dependent Heating Efficiencies in Tumor Hyperthermia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Temperature-Dependent SLP Measurements
2.2. Heating Performance Simulations
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. SLP-T Relationships
3.2. Heating Performances
3.2.1. Temperature Rises and Distributions
3.2.2. Capacities
3.2.3. Uniformities
3.2.4. Stabilities
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AMF | alternating magnetic field |
TC | Curie temperature (°C) |
MHG | magnetic hydrogel |
MNP | magnetic nanoparticles |
MNP37, MNP56, MNP61 | ZnCoCrFeO MNPs with TC of 37.5 °C, 56.0 °C and 61.0 °C |
MNPNemala | MNPs by Nemala et al. |
MNPRegmi | MNPs by Regmi et al. |
MNPBeković | MNPs by Beković et al. |
MNPideal | assumed ideal MNPs with TC of 46 °C (heating efficiency is constant below TC and zero above TC) |
MNPnone | assumed MNPs without TC (heating efficiency does not change with temperature) |
b (subscript) | of blood |
L (subscript) | of healthy liver tissue |
MHG (subscript) | of MHG |
MNP (subscript) | of MNPs |
T (subscript) | of tumor |
TP (subscript) | of tumor and MNPs |
T (°C) | temperature |
t (s) | time |
Tcenter (°C) | temperature at the center of the tumor |
T20, T50, T90 (°C) | temperatures exceeded in 20%, 50% or 90% volume of the tumor |
Tedge (°C) | temperature at the edge between tumor and healthy tissue |
Tα (°C) | the temperature of arterial blood (37 °C) |
U20, U50, U90, Uedge (dimensionless) | uniformities within 20%, 50%, 90% or 100% volume of the tumor |
SLP (W/g) | specific loss power |
PDP (W/m3) | power dissipation of MNPs per unit of tumor volume |
c (J/(kg·°C)) | specific heat capacity |
C (kg/m3 or mg/mL) | MNP concentration in tumor region (MNP mass/tumor volume) |
RT, RL (mm) | radiuses of tumor region and overall healthy liver region |
r (mm) | radius from the tumor center |
ρ (kg/m3) | density |
k (W/(m·°C)) | thermal conductivity |
Qm (W/m3) | power density of metabolic heat generation |
Qm0 (W/m3) | power density of metabolic heat generation at body temperature (37 °C) |
Qb (W/m3) | power density of heat dissipation by blood perfusion effect |
wb (1/s) | blood perfusion rate |
ϕ | volume fraction of MNPs in the tumor |
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ρ | c | k | wb | Qm0 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
kg/m3 | J/(kg·°C) | W/(m·°C) | 1/s | W/m3 | |
Tumor [7] | 1060 | 3540 | 0.52 | 0.000833 | 5790 |
Blood [26] | 1050 | 3617 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Liver [26] | 1079 | 3540 | 0.52 | 0.0155 | 10,682 |
MNPs [7] | 5180 | 670 | 40 | N/A | N/A |
a | b | c | |
---|---|---|---|
MNP37 | 7.369 | 20.210 | 17.330 |
MNP56 | 5.196 | 28.500 | 24.070 |
MNP61 | 3.892 | 30.200 | 35.770 |
a | b | c | |
---|---|---|---|
MNPNemala | 46.350 | 0 | 67.240 |
MNPRegmi | 8.257 | 12.480 | 41.810 |
MNPBeković | 5.158 | 11.240 | 64.400 |
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Ding, S.-W.; Wu, C.-W.; Yu, X.-G.; Dai, C.; Zhang, W.; Gong, J.-P. Simulating Evaluation Method on Heating Performances of Magnetic Nanoparticles with Temperature-Dependent Heating Efficiencies in Tumor Hyperthermia. Magnetochemistry 2022, 8, 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8060063
Ding S-W, Wu C-W, Yu X-G, Dai C, Zhang W, Gong J-P. Simulating Evaluation Method on Heating Performances of Magnetic Nanoparticles with Temperature-Dependent Heating Efficiencies in Tumor Hyperthermia. Magnetochemistry. 2022; 8(6):63. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8060063
Chicago/Turabian StyleDing, Shuai-Wen, Cheng-Wei Wu, Xiao-Gang Yu, Chao Dai, Wei Zhang, and Jian-Po Gong. 2022. "Simulating Evaluation Method on Heating Performances of Magnetic Nanoparticles with Temperature-Dependent Heating Efficiencies in Tumor Hyperthermia" Magnetochemistry 8, no. 6: 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8060063