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Article

X-ray Structure and Magnetic Properties of Heterobimetallic Chains Based on the Use of an Octacyanidodicobalt(III) Complex as Metalloligand †

by
Maria-Gabriela Alexandru
1,*,
Diana Visinescu
2,
Sergiu Shova
3,
Abdeslem Bentama
4,
Francesc Lloret
5,
Joan Cano
5,* and
Miguel Julve
5
1
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
2
Coordination and Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
3
“Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Aleea Grigore Ghica Vodă 41-A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
4
Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Techniques de Fès, Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, 30050 Fès, Morocco
5
Departament de Química Inorgànica, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Dedicated to Marius Andruh on the occasion of his 65th anniversary.
Magnetochemistry 2020, 6(4), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry6040066
Submission received: 3 November 2020 / Revised: 22 November 2020 / Accepted: 24 November 2020 / Published: 27 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Coordination Polymers)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
The assembly of [Co2III(μ-2,5-dpp)(CN)8]2− anions and [MII(CH3OH)2(DMSO)2]2+ cations resulted into the formation of two heterobimetallic 1D coordination polymers of formula [MII(CH3OH)2(DMSO)2(μ-NC)2Co2III(μ-2,5-dpp)(CN)6]n·4nCH3OH [M = CoII (1)/FeII (2) and 2,5-dpp = 2,5-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine. The [Co2III(μ-2,5-dpp)(CN)8]2− metalloligand coordinates the paramagnetic [MII(CH3OH)2(DMSO)2]2+ complex cations, in a bis-monodentate fashion, to give rise to neutral heterobimetallic chains. Cryomagnetic dc (1.9–300 K) and ac (2.0–13 K) magnetic measurements for 1 and 2 show the presence of Co(II)HS (1) and Fe(II)HS (2) ions (HS – high-spin), respectively, with D values of +53.7(5) (1) and −5.1(3) cm−1 (2) and slow magnetic relaxation for 1, this compound being a new example of SIM with transversal magnetic anisotropy. Low-temperature Q-band EPR study of 1 confirms that D value is positive, which reveals the occurrence of a strong asymmetry in the g-tensors and allows a rough estimation of the E/D ratio, whereas 2 is EPR silent. Theoretical calculations by CASSCF/NEVPT2 on 1 and 2 support the results from magnetometry and EPR. The analysis of the ac magnetic measurements of 1 shows that the relaxation of M takes place in the ground state under external magnetic dc fields through dominant Raman and direct spin-phonon processes.

1. Introduction

The design of heterometallic coordination polymers (CPs) is of high interest due to their potential applications as molecular magnets and luminescent or multifunctional materials [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. For constructing CPs with various dimensionalities and network topologies, the node-and-spacer approach was proved to be very efficient [14,15,16,17]. The spacers can be represented by organic molecules [18,19] or diamagnetic/paramagnetic metalloligands [20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39], while the nodes are a species with complementary chemical and physical properties (as Lewis acidity, charge, shape, etc.). Cyanido-bearing metalloligands are commonly used spacers due to their ability to bridge metal ions. Aiming at the preparation of polynuclear complexes, homoleptic cyanide complexes such as [M(CN)6]3− [MIII = Fe, Cr, Mn, and Co] and [M(CN)8]3− [MV = Mo and W] were largely exploited [20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27] as opposed to the heteroleptic ones with a diversity of capping ligands, e.g., [MIII(AA)(CN)4]− [AA = 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy), 1,10-phenantroline (phen), 2,2′-bipyrimidine (bpym) and derivatives; MIII = Fe, Cr, and Co], [MIII{HB(pz)3}(CN)3]−, [HB(pz)3− = tris(pyrazolyl)borate ion] and [WV/IV(bpy)(CN)6]−/2− [28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39]. Moreover, in comparison with the homoleptic analogues, the capping ligands reduce the number of potential bridges, favoring the achievement of low-dimensional CPs.
Single-ion and single-molecule magnets (SIMs and SMMs) are highly anisotropic discrete motifs showing slow relaxation of the magnetization [40,41,42,43,44]. Most of them are complexes of trivalent rare-earth cations (for instance DyIII, NdIII, etc.) [45,46,47,48,49,50,51], while examples concerning 3d metal ions such as CoII, FeII, MnIII or NiII are comparatively fewer [43,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59]. Recent studies evidenced the influence of the coordination environment around the metal ion on the magnitude of the magnetic anisotropy [60,61,62,63,64,65]. Coordinative and supramolecular architectures enclosing magnetically isolated SIMs and SMMs moieties are very appealing considering their potential use in molecular electronics [66,67]. Mostly, these networks consist of organic diamagnetic spacers that connect the spin centers [68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81]. Large axial magnetic anisotropy values were determined for chains of cobalt(II) SIMs such as [CoII(tpyt)2(HCOO)2(H2O)]n [tpyt = 2,4,6-tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine] [82] and [Co(btm)2(SCN)2·H2O]n, [btm = bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methane] [83] or 2D networks, {[Co(3,3′-Hbpt)2(SCN)2]·2H2O}n [Hbpt = 1H-3-(3-pyridyl)-5-(3′-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole] [84] and [Co(bpeb)2(NCS)2]·nG [bpeb = 1,4-bis(pyridine-4-ylethynyl)benzene and: G = ortho-dichlorobenzene, thianthrene, toluene, and pyrrole] [85]. Diamagnetic cyanido-bearing building blocks such as the homo- [CoIII(CN)6]3− and [MIV(CN)8]4− (MIV = Mo and W) or the heteroleptic [WIV(bipy)(CN)6]2− complex anions were less employed as metalloligands to prepare extended structures of molecule-based nanomagnets [86,87,88,89,90]. The 2D networks of SMMs built from [WIV(bipy)(CN)6]2− spacers and {NiIIDyIII} nodes are illustrative examples of this strategy [86].
Recently, we reported the use of diamagnetic mononuclear cyanide-bearing cobalt(III) complexes to obtain 1D {CoIIIMnIII} CPs showing slow relaxation of the magnetization because of the presence in them of the magnetically non-interacting {MnIII(salen)} fragment [H2salen = N,N′-ethylenebis(salicylimine)] [87]. Based on our previous results, we start a systematic study of the use of the diamagnetic dicobalt(III) compound [Co2III(μ-2,5-dpp)(CN)8]2− [2,5-dpp = 2,5-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine] as a metalloligand against fully solvated transition metal ions. Our first results dealt with two isostructural neutral chains of formula [MII(CH3OH)2(DMSO)2(μ-NC)2Co2III(μ-2,5-dpp)(CN)6]n·4nCH3OH [M = Co (1) and Fe (2)]. Their synthesis, X-ray structure and cryomagnetic investigation are discussed herein.

2. Results and Discussion

2.1. Synthesis, IR Spectroscopy and Thermal Study

In previous work, we have shown that the use as a metalloligand of the [Co2III(μ-2,5-dpp)(CN)8]2− complex anion towards the preformed complex of formula [MnII(MAC)(H2O)2]Cl2 · 4H2O (MAC = 2,13-dimethyl-3,6,9,12,18-pentaazabicyclo-[12.3.1]-octadeca-(18),2,12,14,16-pentaene] afforded a neutral {CoIII2MnII} chain exhibiting a Curie law behavior because of the occurrence of intrachain magnetically isolated {MnII(MAC)} units whose trans-positioned coordinated water molecules were replaced by two cyanide groups from two 2,5-dpp-bridged dicobalt(III) entities [91]. Based on this result, we decided to explore the complexing ability of this diamagnetic dicobalt(III) building block, against anisotropic 3d cations such as cobalt(II) and iron(II) cations. The reaction of [Co2III(μ-2,5-dpp)(CN)8]2– with fully solvated cobalt(II) and iron(II) cations in DMSO:MeOH solvent mixtures yielded the two isostructural heterobimetallic chains of formula [MII(CH3OH)2(DMSO)2(μ-NC)2Co2III(μ-2,5-dpp)(CN)6]n·4nCH3OH [M = Co (1) and Fe (2)]. They consist of chains with regular alternating [Co2(μ-2,5-dpp)(CN)8]2– spacers and [MII(CH3OH)2(DMSO)2]2+ nodes.
The FTIR spectra of 1 and 2 (see Figures S1(1) and S2(2) in Supplementary Materials) show bands at 2140 (1 and 2), 2171 (1) and 2165 cm−1 (2) corresponding to the stretching vibrations of the terminal and bridging cyanide ligands. As expected, these bands occur at higher frequencies compared to that of the free dicobalt(III) metalloligand (about 2130 cm−1) but close to those for the similar {Co2IIIMnII} zig-zag chain (ca. 2140 and 2160 cm−1) [91]. The 2,5-dpp ligand exhibits absorption bands at 1632 (1 and 2), 1443 (1) and 1437 cm−1 (2), which correspond to the υ(C=N) and υ(C=C) stretching vibrations, respectively. The strong absorption peaks at 1028 (1) and 1020 cm−1 (2) are tentatively attributed to the S=O stretching vibration of the DMSO ligands. Finally, the medium intensity peaks at 429 (1)/420 cm−1 (2) are most likely due to the vibrations of the CoII-O/FeII-O bonds. The FTIR spectroscopic characteristics of 1 and 2 are consistent with the single-crystal X-ray results (see below).
The TG curves of 1 [Figure S3a] and 2 [Figure S3b] are similar, as expected. The first step between 25 and 150 °C is the result of several endothermic processes, and it can be assigned to the loss of the methanol molecules. These molecules are slowly released, starting from room temperature under the measurement conditions, as indicated by the slope of the step in the TG curve, the crystal lattice being subjected to rearrangements. The mass loss which occurs in the temperature range 145–400 °C is attributed to the release of the DMSO and cyanide ligands and to the combustion of the organic residues. Finally, a small step can be observed for 1 close to 900 °C (associated with the endothermic DSC, Tpeak = 894 °C) that indicates the transformation of Co3O4 into CoO. Most likely, a mixture of cobalt and iron oxides is formed in the case of 2.

2.2. Description of the Structures

1 and 2 crystallize in the triclinic system, spatial group P–1, and their structures are made up of neutral zig-zag chains of formula [MII(CH3OH)2(DMSO)2(μ-NC)2Co2III(μ-2,5-dpp)(CN)6]n·4nCH3OH, M = Co (1) and Fe (2) [see Figure 1 (1) and Figure S4(2)]. Since 1 and 2 are isostructural compounds, only the structure of 1 will be discussed in detail hereafter, and we will refer to the other one when needed. The asymmetric unit is made up from half of the structure—the crystallographic inversion center generates the second half—and two non-coordinated methanol molecules. Each [Co2III(μ-2,5-dpp)(CN)8]2- complex anion acts as a linker, connecting the [CoII(CH3OH)2(DMSO)2]2+ unit through two trans-positioned cyanido ligands. Selected bond lengths and angles for 1 and 2 are listed in Table 1.
The two Co(III) ions from 1 and 2 are each hexacoordinated to one pyrazine- and one pyridine-N of 2,5-dpp ligand and four C atoms of cyanide ligands, in a distorted octahedral geometry. Two N2,5-dpp and two Ccyanide atoms (N1N2C9C10 set of atoms) are placed in the equatorial positions of a distorted octahedron, whereas the apical sites are occupied by the other two CN- ligands (C11N6 and C8N3). The reduced bite angle of the 2,5-dpp molecule [N1-Co1-N2 = 82.5(2) (1) 82.05(17)° (2)] is the source of the primary distortion of the octahedral environment. The Co1-C bond distances range between 1.873(7)-1.928(7) (1) and 1.871(6)-1.918(6) Å (2). These values are slightly inferior to the Co-N bond lengths [Co1-N1 = 1.969(5) (1) and 1.965(4) Å (2) and Co1-N2 = 1.986(6) (1) and 1.961(4) Å (2)]. All structural parameters (bond lengths and angles) of the cobalt(III) environment in 1 and 2 correspond well to previously reported cyanido-based/bridged CoIII complexes, [CoIII(AA)(CN)4]− [AA = bidentate ligand], the dicobalt(III) complex (PPh4)2[Co2III(-2,5-dpp)(CN)8] · 2H2O (PPh4+ = tetraphenylphosphonium cation) and the chain {[MnIII(salen)(-NC)2CoIII(4,4′-dmbpy)(CN)2] · H2O}n (4,4′-dmbpy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) [87,91,92]. The Co-C-Ncyanide angles in 1 are almost linear, their values ranging from 177.0(6) to 179.1(6)° [176.8(5)-178.6(5)o (2)]. The values of the CoIII···CoIII separation through the 2,5-dpp spacer are 6.68 (1) and 6.67 Å (2).
Each MII ion [M = Co2 (1) and Fe1 (2)] is placed in a centrosymmetric octahedral surrounding. Two trans-positioned nitrogen atoms from two cyanide bridges and two methanol molecules build the equatorial plane, and two O atoms from two DMSO molecules fill the apical coordination sites. An almost ideal octahedral geometry at the cobalt(II) (1) and iron(II) (2) ions was estimated through the SHAPE 2.1 program (0.212 (1) and 0.202 (2) for OC-6, being zero for the ideal octahedron; see Table S1 in Supplementary Materials†) [93,94]. The value of the equatorial M1-N6 bond length (2.104(7) (1) and 2.155(5) Å (2)) is slightly longer than the other equatorial M2–O2 interaction (2.096(5) (1) and 2.134(4) Å (2)), the axial M2-O1 bond distance being the shorter one (2.081(6) (1) and 2.083(4) Å (2)).
The values of the CoIII···MII separation across the bridging cyanide are ca. 5.13 (1) and 5.17 Å (2). The shortest intrachain MII···MII distances are 11.74 (1) and 11.77 Å (2), values which are somewhat shorter than the interchain ones (13.35 (1) and 13.51 Å (2)). The metal ions are placed in an almost intrachain right angle, through the bridging cyanido and 2,5-dpp ligand (Co1b-Co1-M2 = 84.82 (1) and 84.51° (2)), and linear angle through the cyanido-bridge (Co1-M2-Co1a = 180° (1 and 2)).
Intrachain H-bonds involve the methanol molecules of crystallization and the coordinated methanol and peripheral cyanido ligands (see Figure 2 (1) and Figure S5(2) and Table 2 (1 and 2)). The O2 atom of the coordinated methanol molecule acts as a hydrogen donor towards the O3 atom from a crystallization methanol molecule (O2···O3 = 2.603(10) (1) and 2.614(7) Å (2)), which in turn is a hydrogen acceptor towards the other crystallographically independent O4 water molecule (O3···O4 = 2.800(19) (1) and 2.715(9) Å for (2)). The latter one is also connected to the N3cyanide atom through a hydrogen bond (O4···N3 = 2.802(15) (1) and 2.836(8) Å (2)), the whole leading to an 18-gon (octadecagon) heteronuclear ring which is sectioned by a pyrazine ring.

2.3. Static (dc) Magnetic Properties of 1 and 2

Static (dc) magnetic properties of 1, represented as the thermal dependence of the χMT product, is depicted in Figure 3 (χM is the magnetic susceptibility per CoIII2CoII unit). At room temperature, the value of χMT is 2.97 cm3 mol−1 K and is an expected value for magnetically diluted CoHSII single-ion (CoIII ion is diamagnetic) with a significant orbital angular momentum [95]. The χMT vs. T plot is continuously decreasing upon cooling process to reach a value of 1.68 cm3 mol−1 K at 1.9 K. No maximum of the magnetic susceptibility is observed in the χM vs. T plot. Two main factors could cause the decrease of χMT vs. T curve: the thermal depopulation of the higher Kramer doublets of the CoHSII ions and, also, AF interactions between the CoHSII paramagnetic centers. However, this last possibility is discarded due to the large cobalt(II)–cobalt(II) separation (shortest intra- and intrachain values of ca. 11.7 and 13.4 Å, respectively).
Consequently, the magnetic data of 1 were analyzed through the Hamiltonian of Equation (1):
H = −αλLCoSCo + ∆[Lz,CoSCo − L(L+1)/3 ] + βH(geSCo − LCo),
in which the three parameters α, λ and ∆, have the same meaning as in our previous papers [72,96]. It deserves to be highlighted that considering the isomorphism of T and P terms L(T1g = −AL(P) [97], one can use L = 1 and S = 3/2, αλ-being the coupling parameter. The following best-fit parameters and a well-match of the experimental data of 1, in the 300-2 K temperature range, were obtained through the VPMAG package [98]: λλ=−136.1(5) cm−1, α =1.431(4), ∆ = 699(8) cm−1 and TIP = 997(25) × 10−6 cm3 mol−1 with F = 2.7 × 10−6 (F is the agreement factor defined as Σ[Pexp − Pcalcd]2/Σ[Pexp]2 where P is the physical property under study). The values of λ, α and ∆ are close to those resulted for other examples of six-coordinate high-spin cobalt(II) complexes [64,72,97,99,100,101].
An alternative phenomenological approach to spin-orbit coupling (SOC) Hamiltonian, introduced through the T-P isomorphism, to analyze the magnetic data in 1, is based on the zero-field splitting (zfs) of an S = 3/2 and is expressed in Equation (2):
Hzfs+Zeeman = D[Sz2 − S(S+1)] + E(Sx2 − Sy2) + βH[g//|Sz + g⊥(Sx + Sy)]
where S, D and E are the ground spin state and axial and transverse anisotropies, respectively, β is the Bohr magneton and H is the applied dc field. If E = 0, 2D for 1 corresponds to the energy gap between the ±1/2 and ±3/2 doublets arising from the 2nd order spin-orbit coupling of the quartet ground state of the distorted octahedral cobalt(II) ion. In this respect, the fact that the M vs. H/T curves for 1 in the temperature range 2.0–10 K quasi collapse (see inset of Figure 3), is indicative of a large value of D. The simultaneous analysis of the variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements and the magnetization data under different applied dc fields and temperatures of 1 through the VPMAG package [98] led to the following set of best-fit parameters: D = +53.7(5) cm−1, E/|D| = 0.012(9), g// = 2.007(4), g⊥ = 2.524(6) and TIP = −1010(30) × 10−6 cm3 mol−1 with F = 2.4 × 10−5. The calculated curves well-fitted the experimental ones in the whole investigated temperature range. Moreover, when starting with a negative value of D gave no reasonable results. Then, this system can be considered as a doublet at low temperatures. Both approaches used in the analysis of the magnetic data in 1 were validated by the similar values for the energy gap between the ground and the first excited Kramers doublets (ca. 124.9 and 107.4 cm−1 for SOC and zfs approaches, respectively).
Figure 4 shows the χMT vs. T plot for 2 (χM is the magnetic susceptibility per CoIII2FeII unit). At room temperature, χMT is 3.29 cm3 mol−1 K, a value which is in agreement with the presence of a high-spin iron(II) ion (SFe = 2 with a gFe value largely above that for the free electron in this compound), the cobalt(III) being diamagnetic. Upon cooling, although this value slightly decreases, it remains practically constant until ca. 40 K and it further decreases to 2.14 cm3 mol−1 K at 1.9 K. No maximum of the magnetic susceptibility is observed in the whole temperature range explored. The decrease of χMT in the low temperatures domain can be due to first-order spin-orbit coupling (SOC) or zero-field splitting (zfs) effects together with intra-/interchain magnetic interactions. Because of the large iron···iron separation (shortest intra- and interchain distances of ca. 11.8 and 13.5 Å, respectively), these last interactions are ruled out.
Since the magnetic properties of magnetically isolated six-coordinate high-spin iron(II) complexes are usually controlled by a 1st order SOC, the use of the SOC Hamiltonian introduced through the T-P isomorphism is an appropriate option to analyze its magnetic properties. The presence of a 5T2g term that does not mix with the other ones validates this approach. Consequently, the magnetic susceptibility data of 2 were treated through the Hamiltonian of Equation (3):
H = −κλLFeSFe + ∆[Lz,Fe − L(L+1)/3] +E(Lx2 − Ly2)+ βH(−κLFe + geSFe)
In this Hamiltonian, λ is the spin-orbit coupling, κ stands for the reduction of the orbital momentum (L) caused by the delocalization of the unpaired electrons, and ∆ is the energy gap between the 5B2g and 5Eg levels arising from the splitting of the 5T2g ground state through an axial distortion of the Oh symmetry. The E parameter accounts for the splitting of the 5Eg level caused by the molecular low-symmetry bound to the rhombicity of the coordination sphere. Although this additional parameter can lead to an overparameterization, it will be still essential in the present case, as shown below by the theoretical study. The inclusion of the magnetic rhombicity (E) slightly improves the results and affects mainly to the ∆ value, which in any case is large and positive. Least-squares best-fit parameters though the VPMAG package [98] on the magnetic susceptibility are the following for the whole model: κ = 0.997(6), λ = −109(3) cm−1, ∆ = +1660(30) cm−1, E/∆ = 0.1109(4), TIP = 126(7) × 10−6 cm3 mol−1 and F = 1.2 × 10−5. The values of κ and λ do not reveal the presence of an important covalent reduction, despite it being a common feature in complexes with 3d transition metal ions. However, these two values lie in the range of those previously reported for mononuclear high-spin six-coordinate iron(II) complexes [52,102]. Moreover, the large value of ∆ and a non-negligible rhombicity (E/∆ ≈ 0.11) agree with the different electronic nature of the ligands building the six-coordination at the iron(II) ion.
Owing to the unquenched angular momentum in the ground state of the high-spin iron(II) complexes by the ligand field, the resulting “in state” SOC can lead to a sizable axial zfs parameter D.32 In this respect, the large value of ∆ supports a strong splitting of the 5T2g ground state into the 5B2g and 5Eg levels. In fact, the M vs. H/T curves for 2 in the temperature range 2.0–10 K does not collapse (see inset of Figure 4), a feature that rules out a null or a very large value of D, indicating instead a relatively moderate zero-field splitting. Besides, the different nature of the ligands in the equatorial plane at the metal center (two cyanide-nitrogen atoms and two methanol molecules) allows describing a rhombic distortion through two different directions from the trans arrangement of these ligands, leading to a splitting of the low-lying 2Eg level. Given that this splitting is large enough, the three states arising from the 5T2g ground state are well separated from each other, and they do not present any orbital momentum. CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations (see below) show that the two excited levels are 1600 and 1966 cm−1 above the ground level. Having this in mind, a phenomenological zfs approach summarized in the Hamiltonian of Equation (2) should be appropriate.
Consequently, the simultaneous analysis of the magnetization at different applied dc fields and temperatures and the variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data of 2 through this approach led to the following best-fit parameters: D = −5.1(3) cm−1, E/|D| = 0.227(7), g// = 2.193(3), g⊥ = 2.045(5) with F = 3.8 × 10−5. A positive D value should lead to a vanishing of the χMT product at a very low temperature, but the observed trend to reach a value close to 2.0 cm3 mol−1 at 0 K agrees with an easy-axis of the magnetization (D < 0). This negative sign is also supported by the EPR spectroscopy and partially by the ab initio CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations on the real geometry of 2 (see discussion below). The uniaxial anisotropy is thus confirmed for the iron(II) ion in 2 and its magnitude is comparable with those of previous magneto-structural reports on six-coordinate iron(II) complexes [52,103,104,105].

2.4. EPR Spectroscopy and Theoretical Calculations of 1 and 2

The Q-band EPR spectra on a crushed sample of 1 in the temperature range 4.0–20 K exhibits an increase of the intensity of the signals as far as the temperature decreases unambiguously supporting a positive value of D (Figure 5). Due to the large value of D in this compound, only the low-lying Kramers doublet will be thermally populated at low temperatures, and its EPR spectra will correspond only to this low-lying Kramers doublet.
So, considering a Seff = ½, the simulation of the EPR spectra of 1 was achieved with the following parameters: g1 = 5.25, g2 = 4.35 and g3 = 2.02. This set of values of the Landé factor agree with a positive value of the D parameter after the Bencini’s study on EPR spectroscopy of cobalt(II) complexes [106], such as those obtained through the simultaneous fit of the magnetic susceptibility and reduced magnetization data. These values for 1 also indicate a significant rhombicity, a feature which is corroborated by the occurrence of multiple peaks. The analysis of the EPR spectra of 1 through an S = 3/2 model could be achieved only with D > 0 and a small value of E/D quotient: g// = 2.04, g⊥ = 2.40 and E/D = 0.06. The great value of D and the slight deviation of the octahedral geometry of the cobalt(II) environment in 1 accounts for the small value of the E/D quotient for this compound.
Compound 2 is EPR silent, a feature which is as expected because of the relatively large and negative value of D for the high-spin iron(II) complex of this compound.
To further confirm the validity of the experimental results of 1 and 2, we carried out theoretical calculations by CASSCF/NEVPT2 (Tables S2(1) and S3(2)). These calculations support the experimental results found for 1 and 2. The absolute values of D for both compounds (+68.1 (1) and +6.9 cm−1 (2)) agree with those obtained by magnetometry. According to the octahedral environment of the six-coordinate cobalt(II) ion in 1, D is positive, and the values of the g-factors of the ground quartet (gx = 2.717, gy = 2.427 and gz = 1.985; g⊥ = 2.597 and g// = 1.99) and Kramers doublet states (g’x = 6.597, g’y = 3.508 and g’z = 1.988) agree with those from magnetometry and EPR spectroscopy. The moderate rhombicity observed in the EPR study of 1 (E/D = 0.06) is more pronounced in the theoretical result (E/D = 0.18), but the greatest difficulty to estimate it in an accurate and quantitative way from quantum chemical methods is well-known. The origin of the axial anisotropy in 1 mainly lies on the contributions from the low-lying quintet states (DQ = +56.6 cm−1) and particularly from the first two ones (+51.9 cm−1), which together with the ground state make up the 4T1g ground term in an ideal octahedral geometry. The remaining excited states are well above in energy (≥7900 cm−1) and therefore, their contribution to D is much lower or negligible.
In the case of 2, the origin of the uniaxial anisotropy mainly comes from the contributions of the low-lying quintet states (DQ = +5.7 cm−1), those from the triplet states being practically negligible (DT = +1.3 cm−1). Among the states that contribute to the D parameter in 2, those arising from the 5T2g term are the dominant ones (see Table S3). Although apparently there is in 2 an inconsistency in the sign of D obtained from the theoretical calculations and the absence of signals in the EPR spectrum, this is not real since the high rhombicity found both from magnetometry (E/D = 0.227) and theoretical calculations (0.29 and 0.33 from effective and 2nd-order SOC Hamiltonians, respectively), which are close to 1/3, prevent setting unambiguously the sign of D. Therefore, a negative value of D is reasonable for 2, and it would justify both the experimental and theoretical results. Anyway, an analysis of the NEVPT2 energies found for the first fifteen Mj levels (0.0, 2.4, 14.3, 29.0, 30.6, 1561.8, 1563.9, 1634.2, 1653.7, 1671.2, 2021,9, 2023.6, 2061.3, 2102.1 and 2106.8 cm−1) can provide information on the parameters that define the 1st-order SOC. The splitting of some Kramers doublets supports the inclusion of the rhombicity into the model through the E parameter. Considering the standard deviation, while D and E were determined with precision, this was not possible for the remaining parameters. However, all of them (κ = 0.987, λ = −108.4 cm−1, ∆ = 1784 cm−1 and E/∆ = 0.098) agree with those obtained from the temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility.

2.5. Dynamic (ac) Magnetic Properties of 1 and 2

Alternating current (ac) magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed for 1 and 2 below 12 K to probe their magnetization dynamics. Interestingly, even though the relatively large and negative value of D in 2 indicates an intrinsic spin-reversal energy barrier of Ueff = S2|D| = 20.4 cm−1, no out-of-phase signals (χM”) were observed for this compound down to 2.0 K, either in the lack or in the presence of non-zero applied dc magnetic fields. It deserves to be noted that in a previous report concerning the first example of a mononuclear six-coordinate high-spin iron(II) complex with an FeO6 chromophore behaving as SIM [52], blocking temperatures below 4.0 K were observed under the explored applied dc fields, the value of D being −11.7 cm−1. In the present example with a FeO4N2 chromophore having a smaller value of D (ca. −5.1cm−1), out-of-phase signals might be possible at very low temperatures which are not accessible in our susceptometer. In the case of 1, the incipient frequency-dependent of χM” below 12 K under a 0 G static field turned into maxima under Hdc = 1000 (Figure S6) and 2500 G (Figure 6).
The Cole–Cole plots of 1 in the temperature range 2.0–7.0 K under applied dc fields of 1000 (Figure S7) and 2500 G (Figure 7) give almost perfect semicircles which can be fitted by the generalized Debye model. The values of α (the parameter which is related to the width of the distribution of the relaxation times and that takes values between 1 (pure spin-glass) and 0 (single relaxation process)) vary between ca. 0.08 (at 6.5 K) and 0.11 (at 3.5 K) under both 1000 and 2500 G (see Table S4), most likely because of the arising of additional relaxation processes.
The values of the relaxation time for 1 were calculated from the maximum of χM” at a given frequency (χM” vs. T, τ−1 = 2πν) and the corresponding Arrhenius plots were built on the basis of these data (see Figure 8 (Hdc = 2500 G) and Figure S8 (Hdc = 1000 G)). Among the approaches used to analyze the Arrhenius plots (for example Orbach, Raman, direct and quantum-tunneling processes), our experimental data are best described through a combination of direct and Raman (Equation (4)) as shown in Figure 8 and Figure S8.
τ−1 = AT + BTn
The best-fit parameters through Equation (4) for 1 are A = 185 K−1 s−1, B = 0.160 K−n s−1 and n = 5.9 (Hdc = 1000 G) and A = 1200 K−1 s−1, B = 0.240 K−n s−1 and n = 6.2 (Hdc = 2500 G). Although values for n covering the range 1–8 can be considered reasonable, the common ones for a Raman process would take values between 6 and 8. Alternatively, the insets of Figure 8 and Figure S8 show how the calculated values of τ for 1 in the high-temperature range follow the Arrhenius law characteristic of a thermally activated Orbach process, τ−1 = τ0−1 exp(−Ea/kT). The deviation of the linearity observed at low temperatures is probably due to other relaxation processes. The values of τ0 and Ea are 7.70 × 10−8 s and 33.19 cm−1 (Hdc = 1000 G) and 1.89 × 10−7 s and 23.0 cm−1 (Hdc = 2500 G), given that the values of Ea are well below that of a possible energy barrier 2D (ca. 107 cm−1 with E = 0) assuming a negative value of D. But, as D > 0 for 1, any energy barrier associated to the zfs is prevented. In such a case, a relaxation of the magnetization obeying a single Orbach process should be ruled out. Then, the combination of a direct and one Raman process seems to be the more appropriate analysis for the dynamic magnetic behavior of 1.

3. Experimental

3.1. Materials and General Methods

All reagents and solvents were purchased from commercial suppliers and used without further purification. The organic 2,5-dpp ligand and the (PPh4)2[Co2(μ-2,5-dpp)(CN)8]·2H2O complex were prepared according to the literature [91,107]. Elemental analyses (C, H, N) were performed with a Perkin Elmer 2400 analyzer. IR spectra were carried out with a FTIR Bruker Tensor V-37 spectrophotometer using KBr pellets in the range 4000–400 cm−1. Thermal measurements were done on a Netzsch STA 449 F1 Jupiter Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer in dynamic air (30 mL/min) with a heating rate of 5 °C min−1 spanning the temperature range 25–1000 °C and using alumina crucibles covered with pierced alumina lids.
Caution! The high toxicity of the cyanides implies great caution when using them. The syntheses were carried out at mmol scale, in a well-ventilated hood. The waste was treated with solutions of NaClO and NaOH to transform the cyanide into cyanate.

3.2. Preparation of the Complexes

3.2.1. Synthesis of [CoII(CH3OH)2(DMSO)2(μ-NC)2Co2III(μ-2,5-dpp)(CN)6]n·4nCH3OH (1)

A DMSO solution (15 mL) of (PPh4)2[Co2(μ-2,5-dpp)(CN)8]·2H2O (127 mg, 0.1 mmol) was layered on a methanolic solution (10 mL) of Co(NO3)2·6H2O (51 mg, 0.4 mmol), in a test tube of 2.5 cm diameter and 20 cm height. X-ray quality crystals of 1 were obtained after one week on standing under ambient conditions. Yield: ca. 50%. Anal. calcd. for C32H46Co3N12O8S2 (1): C, 39.72; H, 4.79; N, 17.37. Found: C, 39.64; H, 4.76; N, 17.34%. IR (KBr/cm−1): 3404(vs), 2923(w), 2171(m), 2140(s), 1632(m), 1443(s), 1195(s), 1028(s), 782(s).

3.2.2. Synthesis of [FeII(CH3OH)2(DMSO)2(μ-NC)2Co2III(μ-2,5-dpp)(CN)6]n·2nCH3OH (2)

The same procedure was used for the synthesis of 2, replacing Co(NO3)2·6H2O by Fe(BF4)2·4H2O. X-ray quality crystals of 1 were obtained after several days. Yield: ca. 60%. Anal. calcd. for C32H46Co2FeN12O8S2 (2): C, 39.84; H, 4.80; N, 17.42. Found: C, 39.79; H, 4.77; N, 17.38%. IR (KBr/cm−1): 3334(s), 2922(s), 2167(m), 2136(m), 1640(w), 1469(s), 1029(s), 795(w).

3.3. Physical Measurements

Direct current (dc) magnetic susceptibility measurements (1.9–300 K) under applied dc magnetic fields of 5000 G (T ≥ 50 K) and 100 G (1.9 ≤ T ≤ 50 K) and variable-field (0–5 T) magnetization measurements (2.0–10 K) on crushed crystals of 1 and 2 (mixed with grease to avoid the crystallite orientation) were carried out with a Quantum Design SQUID magnetometer. Variable-temperature (2.0–12 K) alternating current (ac) magnetic susceptibility measurements under different applied dc magnetic fields in the range 0–2500 G were performed for 1 and 2 by using a Quantum Design Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS). The magnetic susceptibility data of both compounds were corrected for the diamagnetism of the constituent atoms and the sample holder (a plastic bag). Q-band EPR spectra (4.0–20 K) on powdered samples of 1 and 2 were carried out with a Bruker ER 200 spectrometer equipped with a helium continuous-flow cryostat. The EPR spectra were fitted through the version 5.2 of the EasySpin software [108]. Powder X-ray diffraction (XPRD) measurements were done on a PANalytical Empyrean X-ray diffractometer using Cu-Kα radiation (α = 1.5418 Å), in which the X-ray tube was operated at 40 kV and 30 mA ranging from 5 to 30°.

3.4. Computational Details

To evaluate the parameters which determine the axial (D) and rhombic zfs, calculations based on the second order N-electron valence state perturbation theory (CASSCF/NEVPT2) applied on the wave function, which was previously obtained from complete active space (CAS) calculation, were carried out on the real cobalt(II) and iron(II) environments in 1 and 2, respectively. The calculations were performed with the version 4.0 of the ORCA program [109] using the TZVP basis set proposed by Ahlrichs [64,99,100,101,110] and the auxiliary TZV/C Coulomb fitting basis sets [111,112,113,114]. The contributions to zfs from ten quartet and twenty doublet excited states [Co(II) in 1] and from five quintets and thirty triplet excited states [Fe(II) in 2] generated from an active space with seven [Co(II) (1)] and six electrons [Fe(II) (2)] in five d orbitals were included using an effective Hamiltonian. The g-tensors were calculated for the ground Kramers pair [Co(II)] using Multireference Configuration Interaction (MRCI) wavefunctions with a first-order perturbation theory on the SOC matrix [115]. The RIJCOSX method was used combining resolution of the identity (RI) and “chain of spheres” COSX approximations for the Coulomb and exchange terms, respectively [116,117].

3.5. X-ray Data Collection and Structure Refinement

X-ray quality single crystals of 1 and 2 were measured on an Oxford Diffraction XCALIBUR E CCD diffractometer equipped with graphite-monochromated Mo-Kα radiation (λ = 0.71073 Å). The crystals were positioned 40 mm from the CCD detector. The determination of the unit cell and data integration were performed by using the CrysAlis package of Oxford Diffraction [118]. The structures were solved by direct methods using Olex2 software [119] with the SHELXS-2014 structure solution program and refined by full-matrix least-squares on F2 with SHELXL-2014 [120] with anisotropic displacement parameters for the non-hydrogen atoms. All hydrogen atoms attached to carbon were introduced in idealized positions (dC-H = 0.96 Å) using the riding model with their isotropic displacement parameters fixed at 120% of the riding atom. The structural images were obtained with the Diamond 4 program [121]. The unit cell parameters and refinement conditions for 1 and 2 are given in Table 3. CCDC- 2042057 (1), 2042058 (2).

4. Conclusions

We recently reported a new cyanido-based binuclear complex, [Co2III(μ-2,5-dpp)(CN)8]2−, and investigated its ability to act as a metalloligand [91]. Based on these results, we employed this diamagnetic species as a node in order to design low-dimensional complexes with specific magnetic properties. The exploration of its binding ability toward the anisotropic fully solvated high-spin cobalt(II) and iron(II) cations afforded the corresponding heterobimetallic chains CoIII2CoII (1) and CoIII2FeII (2) where the six-coordinate divalent metal ions are magnetically non-interacting. Static (dc) and dynamic (ac) magnetic measurements show that 1 is a new example of SIM with transversal anisotropy, the positive sign of D being confirmed by Q-band EPR spectroscopy and substantiated by theoretical calculations. The analysis of this behavior in 1 indicates that the relaxation of the magnetization at low temperatures in the ground state most likely occurs through a combination of a direct and one Raman process. The magnetically isolated high-spin iron(II) ion in 2 is EPR silent and does not exhibit any SIM behavior. Our synthetic approach is suitable to obtain low-dimensional compounds containing anisotropic paramagnetic transition metal ions, magnetically isolated by the diamagnetic [Co2III(μ-2,5-dpp)(CN)8]2− nodes, that could behave as SIMs. Its use in assembling a building block towards heavier metal ions, rare-earth cations or even magnetic clusters would provide new examples of SIMs as well as SMMs. Further work along this line using this diamagnetic spacer as a complexing agent towards paramagnetic metal ions aimed at obtaining tailor-made of multifunctional magnetic systems will be developed in a near future.

Supplementary Materials

The information available online at https://www.mdpi.com/2312-7481/6/4/66/s1 is: Figure S1: IR spectrum for 1, Figure S2: IR spectrum for 2, Figure S3: TG, DTG and DSC curves for 1 and 2, Figure S4: View of a fragment of the chain structure of 1, along with the atom numbering, Figure S5: A view of the hydrogen bonding pattern in 2 (the dmso molecules were omitted for clarity) [Symmetry code: (c) = x, −1 + y, z]], Figure S6: Thermal dependence of χM” for 1 under an applied static field of Hdc = 1000 G with a ±5 G oscillating field at frequencies in the range 0–3–10 kHz, Figure S7: Cole-Cole plots in the temperature range 3.5–7.0 K for 1 under an applied static field Hdc = 1000 G (the solid lines are the best-fit curves), Figure S8: Temperature dependence of τ−1 (o) for 1 under Hdc = 1000 G showing the best fit (solid line) to the combination of a direct and one Raman approach. The inset is the Arrhenius plot (o) showing the best-fit (solid line) to one Orbach process. Table S1: Results of the SHAPE analysis of the {CoIIIC4N2} and {MIIN2O4} chromophores from the {CoIII(DPP)1/2(CN)4}− (1 and 2) and {MII(CN)2(H2O)2(DMSO)2} fragments [M = CoII (1) and FeII (2)], Table S2: Energy of the calculated quartet (Qi) and doublet (Di) excited states and their contributions to the D and E values for 2 obtained from CASSCF/NEVPTZ calculations, Table S3: Energy of all calculated quintet (Qi) and triplet (Di) excited states and their contributions to the D and E values for 2 obtained from CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations, Table S4: Parameters of the ac magnetic susceptibility data of 1 through the Debye model.

Author Contributions

A.B. performed the organic syntheses; M.-G.A. and D.V. prepared the complexes and grew the single crystal; S.S. carried out the X-ray diffraction experiments; F.L. and J.C. performed the magnetic measurements and EPR spectra and analyzed the corresponding data; J.C. carried out the theoretical calculations and discussed their results; M.J. and M.-G.A. conceived and designed the experiments; all authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

Financial support from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research CNCS–UEFISCDI (Projects PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2019-0352 and PN-III-P1-1.1-MC-2019-2199), the Ministerio Español de Economía y Competitividad (Project CTQ2016-75068P and PID2019-109735GB-I00) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Cristian D. Ene from the “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry for the thermogravimetric measurements.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Cristian D. Ene from the “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry for the thermogravimetric measurements.

Conflicts of Interest

There are no conflict to declare.

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Magnetochemistry 06 00066 g001 550
Figure 1. View of a part of the neutral chain of 1 along with the atom numbering of the chromophores. Free methanol molecules were not represented for the sake of clarity [symmetry code: (a) = 1 − x, −1 − y, 3 − z; (b) = x, −1 + y, z]. The same atom numbering was used for 2.
Figure 1. View of a part of the neutral chain of 1 along with the atom numbering of the chromophores. Free methanol molecules were not represented for the sake of clarity [symmetry code: (a) = 1 − x, −1 − y, 3 − z; (b) = x, −1 + y, z]. The same atom numbering was used for 2.
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Magnetochemistry 06 00066 g002 550
Figure 2. A view of the hydrogen bonds pattern (dashed lines) in 1. The DMSO molecules were not represented for the sake of clarity (Symmetry code: (c) = x, –1+y, z).
Figure 2. A view of the hydrogen bonds pattern (dashed lines) in 1. The DMSO molecules were not represented for the sake of clarity (Symmetry code: (c) = x, –1+y, z).
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Magnetochemistry 06 00066 g003 550
Figure 3. MT vs. T and the reduced M vs. H plots (inset) for 1: (empty and filled circles) experimental; (solid lines) best-fit curves to the experimental data by using the parameters reported in the text for the 1st order SOC (black) and zfs (red) approaches.
Figure 3. MT vs. T and the reduced M vs. H plots (inset) for 1: (empty and filled circles) experimental; (solid lines) best-fit curves to the experimental data by using the parameters reported in the text for the 1st order SOC (black) and zfs (red) approaches.
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Magnetochemistry 06 00066 g004 550
Figure 4. χMT vs. T and the reduced M vs. H plots (inset) for 2: (empty and filled circles) experimental; (solid lines) best-fit curves to the experimental data by using the parameters reported in the text for the 1st order SOC (black) and zfs (red) approaches.
Figure 4. χMT vs. T and the reduced M vs. H plots (inset) for 2: (empty and filled circles) experimental; (solid lines) best-fit curves to the experimental data by using the parameters reported in the text for the 1st order SOC (black) and zfs (red) approaches.
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Magnetochemistry 06 00066 g005 550
Figure 5. Q-band EPR spectrum of a crushed sample of 1 at 4.0 K (black trace). The grey and black traces correspond to the best simulations for an effective spin Seff = ½ and an anisotropic spin S = 3/2 respectively (see text). Inset: The thermal evolution of the EPR spectra from 20 (red) to 4.0 K (blue).
Figure 5. Q-band EPR spectrum of a crushed sample of 1 at 4.0 K (black trace). The grey and black traces correspond to the best simulations for an effective spin Seff = ½ and an anisotropic spin S = 3/2 respectively (see text). Inset: The thermal evolution of the EPR spectra from 20 (red) to 4.0 K (blue).
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Figure 6. Thermal dependence of χM” (bottom) for 1 under an applied static field of Hdc = 2500 G with a ±5 G oscillating field at frequencies in the range 0.30–10 kHz.
Figure 6. Thermal dependence of χM” (bottom) for 1 under an applied static field of Hdc = 2500 G with a ±5 G oscillating field at frequencies in the range 0.30–10 kHz.
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Figure 7. Cole–Cole plots in the temperature range 3.5–7.0 K for 1 under an applied static field Hdc = 2500 G. The solid lines are the best-fit curves.
Figure 7. Cole–Cole plots in the temperature range 3.5–7.0 K for 1 under an applied static field Hdc = 2500 G. The solid lines are the best-fit curves.
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Figure 8. Temperature dependence of τ−1 (o) for 1 under Hdc = 2500 G showing the best-fit (solid line) to the combination of a direct and one Raman approach. The inset is the Arrhenius plot (o) showing the best-fit (solid line) to one Orbach process.
Figure 8. Temperature dependence of τ−1 (o) for 1 under Hdc = 2500 G showing the best-fit (solid line) to the combination of a direct and one Raman approach. The inset is the Arrhenius plot (o) showing the best-fit (solid line) to one Orbach process.
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Table
Table 1. Bond lengths (Å) and angles (deg) of the cobalt(II/III) (1) and cobalt(III) and iron(II) (2) coordination environments.
Table 1. Bond lengths (Å) and angles (deg) of the cobalt(II/III) (1) and cobalt(III) and iron(II) (2) coordination environments.
12 12
Co1-N11.969(5)1.965(4)N2-Co1-C9176.2(3)176.1(2)
Co1-N21.986(6)1.961(4)N2-Co1-C1095.3(3)95.7(2)
Co1-C81.928(7)1.916(6)N2-Co1-C1191.3(3)90.9(2)
Co1-C91.880(8)1.877(5)C8-Co1-C990.1(3)90.2(2)
Co1-C101.873(7)1.871(6)C8-Co1-C1088.2(3)88.3(2)
Co1-C111.906(7)1.918(6)C8-Co1-C11176.8(3)177.7(2)
Co2/Fe1-N62.104(7)2.154(5)C9-Co1-C1088.5(3)88.2(2)
Co2/Fe1-N6a *2.104(7)2.155(5)C9-Co1-C1188.5(3)89.2(2)
Co2/Fe1-O12.081(6)2.083(4)N1-Co1-C1190.3(2)90.22(19)
Co2/Fe1-O22.096(5)2.134(4)N2-Co1-C890.4(3)89.83(19)
C10-Co1-C1188.9(3)89.4(2)
N1-Co1-N282.5(2)82.05(17)Co2/Fe1-N6-C11173.6(6)169.3(4)
Co1-C8-N3179.1(6)178.2(5)O1-Co2/Fe1-O291.9(2)92.31(18)
Co1-C9-N4178.5(7)178.6(5)O1-Co2/Fe1-O2a *88.1(2)92.30(18)
Co1-C10-N5177.3(7)178.0(5)O1-Co2/Fe1-N693.7(2)91.62(17)
Co1-C11-N6177.0(6)176.8(5)O1a-Co2/Fe1-N6 *86.3(2)88.38(17)
N1-Co1-C892.6(2)92.07(19)O2-Co2/Fe1-N688.9(2)90.93(17)
N1-Co1-C993.6(3)94.0(2)O2a-Co2/Fe1-N6 *91.1(2)89.07(17)
N1-Co1-C10177.7(3)177.73(19)N6-Co2/Fe1-N6a *180.0180.0
* Symmetry code: (a) = 1 − x, 3 − y, 1 − z (1) and (a) = 1 − x, –1 − y, 3 − z (2).
Table
Table 2. Hydrogen bonds in 1 and 2 (compound 1/compound 2).
Table 2. Hydrogen bonds in 1 and 2 (compound 1/compound 2).
D-H⋯AD-H (Å)H⋯A (Å)D⋯A (Å)D-H⋯A (deg)
O2-H2⋯O30.85/0.855(9)1.76/1.765(13)2.603(10)/2.614(7)167.3/172(4)
O3-H3A⋯O40.86/0.821.94/1.912.800(19)/2.715(9)173.9/166.0
O4-H4A⋯N30.86/0.851.96/2.002.802(15)/2.836(8)166.2/169.0
Table
Table 3. Crystal data and structure refinement for 1 and 2.
Table 3. Crystal data and structure refinement for 1 and 2.
12
FormulaC32H46Co3N12O8S2C32H46Co2FeN12O8S2
Fw967.72964.64
Crystal systemTriclinicTriclinic
Space groupP–1P–1
a/Å8.1229(5)8.0375(5)
b/Å11.7399(15)11.7698(10)
c/Å13.3534(16)13.5147(12)
α/°112.879(12)113.669(9)
β/°104.710(8)103.380(7)
γ/°91.336(8)91.737(6)
V/Å31124.1(2)1128.21(18)
Z11
Dc/g cm−31.4301.420
T/K180.1(2)180.00(10)
μ/mm−11.2441.194
F(000)499498
Refl. Collected80273978
Refl. indep. [R(int)]3957 [0.0614]3067 [0.0515]
Data/restraints/param.3957/3/2723978/10/266
Goodness-of-fit on F2 (S) c1.1121.096
Final R indices a,b
[I > 2σ(I)]		R1 = 0.0868,
wR2 = 0.1852		R1 = 0.0686,
wR2 = 0.1423
wR2 = 0.1653
R indices (all data)R1 = 0.1196,
wR2 = 0.2024		R1 = 0.0953,
wR2 = 0.1549
wR2 = 0.1751
Δρmax,min/e Å−30.129/−0.7450.106/−0.640
aR1 = ∑||Fo| − |Fc||/∑|Fo|. b wR2 = {[∑w(Fo2 − Fc2)2/∑w(Fo2)2]}1/2 and w = 1/[σ 2(Fo)2 + (mP)2 + nP] with P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3, m = 0.0386 (1) and 0.0997 (2), and n = 1.2291 (1) and 2.1948 (2). c S = [∑w(|Fo| − |Fc|)2/(No – Np)]1/2.
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Alexandru, M.-G.; Visinescu, D.; Shova, S.; Bentama, A.; Lloret, F.; Cano, J.; Julve, M. X-ray Structure and Magnetic Properties of Heterobimetallic Chains Based on the Use of an Octacyanidodicobalt(III) Complex as Metalloligand. Magnetochemistry 2020, 6, 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry6040066

AMA Style

Alexandru M-G, Visinescu D, Shova S, Bentama A, Lloret F, Cano J, Julve M. X-ray Structure and Magnetic Properties of Heterobimetallic Chains Based on the Use of an Octacyanidodicobalt(III) Complex as Metalloligand. Magnetochemistry. 2020; 6(4):66. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry6040066

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Alexandru, Maria-Gabriela, Diana Visinescu, Sergiu Shova, Abdeslem Bentama, Francesc Lloret, Joan Cano, and Miguel Julve. 2020. "X-ray Structure and Magnetic Properties of Heterobimetallic Chains Based on the Use of an Octacyanidodicobalt(III) Complex as Metalloligand" Magnetochemistry 6, no. 4: 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry6040066

APA Style

Alexandru, M. -G., Visinescu, D., Shova, S., Bentama, A., Lloret, F., Cano, J., & Julve, M. (2020). X-ray Structure and Magnetic Properties of Heterobimetallic Chains Based on the Use of an Octacyanidodicobalt(III) Complex as Metalloligand. Magnetochemistry, 6(4), 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry6040066

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