Monitoring Role of Exogenous Amino Acids on the Proteinogenic and Ionic Responses of Lettuce Plants under Salinity Stress Conditions

Abdelkader, Mostafa; Voronina, Luidmila; Shelepova, Olga; Puchkov, Mikhail; Loktionova, Elena; Zhanbyrshina, Nursaule; Yelnazarkyzy, Rakhiya; Tleppayeva, Aigul; Ksenofontov, Alexander

doi:10.3390/horticulturae9060626

Open AccessArticle

Monitoring Role of Exogenous Amino Acids on the Proteinogenic and Ionic Responses of Lettuce Plants under Salinity Stress Conditions

by

Mostafa Abdelkader

^1,*

,

Luidmila Voronina

²

,

Olga Shelepova

³

,

Mikhail Puchkov

⁴

,

Elena Loktionova

⁵,

Nursaule Zhanbyrshina

⁶,

Rakhiya Yelnazarkyzy

⁶,

Aigul Tleppayeva

⁶ and

Alexander Ksenofontov

⁷

¹

Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Sohag City 1646130, Egypt

²

Agrochemistry Department, Faculty of Soil Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia

³

Plant Physiology and Immunity Laboratory, N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia

⁴

Laboratory of Selection and Seed Production, Astrakhan State University, 414056 Astrakhan, Russia

⁵

Department of Ecology, Astrakhan State University, 414056 Astrakhan, Russia

⁶

Faculty of Agronomy, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan

⁷

Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Horticulturae 2023, 9(6), 626; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9060626

Submission received: 20 April 2023 / Revised: 19 May 2023 / Accepted: 21 May 2023 / Published: 26 May 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Different Approaches of Genotype–Environment Interaction Investigation in Vegetables)

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Abstract

Lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) were grown under salinity stress conditions. Amino acids (histidine (His), lysine (Lys), phenylalanine (Phe), and threonine (Thr)) were individually applied to the seedlings to study their impact on the status of the photosynthetic pigments, ion absorption, proteinogenic metabolism, and peroxidase activity. Investigating the effect of exogenous amino acids on the metabolism processes showed their potential role in inducing salt stress tolerance in lettuce plants. Generally, a destructive impact on lettuce plant morphology was observed when the plants were exposed to salt stress. In contrast, the significant (p < 0.05) mitigation of salt stress was registered when EAAs were applied to the stressed seedlings while using Threonine and lysine enhanced the status of the plants under salinity stress. For the salt treatment, the maximum electric conductivity (580.2 μS/g) was reported while applying EAAs to stressed plants’ decreased EC, and the data ranged from 522 to 554 μS/g. EAAs decreased the chloride ions in the leaves by 23–30% compared to in the stressed plants. Additionally, the sodium contents were mitigated when the stressed plants were sprayed with EAAs. In contrast, applying EAAs enhanced the potassium uptake, and Thr gave the highest K⁺ contents (3022 μg/g). EAAs increased the chlorophyll content compared to the control except when histidine was applied, while the carotene contents significantly increased when histidine and phenylalanine were used. Endogenous amino acids are highly expressed in non-stressed lettuce plants compared to the stressed ones. Under salt stress conditions, the threonine usage increased the expression of proteinogenic amino acids except methionine and tyrosine. Compared to the salt-stressed plants, the peroxidase activity significantly decreased in the other treatments, which fell by over 32% when His, Lys, and Phe were applied.

Keywords: Lactuca sativa; salt; abiotic stress; climate change; arid zones; biostimulant

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MDPI and ACS Style

Abdelkader, M.; Voronina, L.; Shelepova, O.; Puchkov, M.; Loktionova, E.; Zhanbyrshina, N.; Yelnazarkyzy, R.; Tleppayeva, A.; Ksenofontov, A. Monitoring Role of Exogenous Amino Acids on the Proteinogenic and Ionic Responses of Lettuce Plants under Salinity Stress Conditions. Horticulturae 2023, 9, 626. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9060626

AMA Style

Abdelkader M, Voronina L, Shelepova O, Puchkov M, Loktionova E, Zhanbyrshina N, Yelnazarkyzy R, Tleppayeva A, Ksenofontov A. Monitoring Role of Exogenous Amino Acids on the Proteinogenic and Ionic Responses of Lettuce Plants under Salinity Stress Conditions. Horticulturae. 2023; 9(6):626. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9060626

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdelkader, Mostafa, Luidmila Voronina, Olga Shelepova, Mikhail Puchkov, Elena Loktionova, Nursaule Zhanbyrshina, Rakhiya Yelnazarkyzy, Aigul Tleppayeva, and Alexander Ksenofontov. 2023. "Monitoring Role of Exogenous Amino Acids on the Proteinogenic and Ionic Responses of Lettuce Plants under Salinity Stress Conditions" Horticulturae 9, no. 6: 626. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9060626

APA Style

Abdelkader, M., Voronina, L., Shelepova, O., Puchkov, M., Loktionova, E., Zhanbyrshina, N., Yelnazarkyzy, R., Tleppayeva, A., & Ksenofontov, A. (2023). Monitoring Role of Exogenous Amino Acids on the Proteinogenic and Ionic Responses of Lettuce Plants under Salinity Stress Conditions. Horticulturae, 9(6), 626. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9060626

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Monitoring Role of Exogenous Amino Acids on the Proteinogenic and Ionic Responses of Lettuce Plants under Salinity Stress Conditions

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