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Horticulturae
Volume 12
Issue 4
10.3390/horticulturae12040483
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Assessing Growth Performance, Herbal Yield, and Secondary Metabolite Content in Thai Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) Accessions Using High-Throughput Phenotyping Platform Under Controlled Greenhouse Conditions

by
Hathairut Jindamol
,
Akira Thongtip
,
Cattarin Theerawitaya
,
Suriyan Cha-um
,
Praderm Wanichananan
,
Kriengkrai Mosaleeyanon
and
Panita Chutimanukul
*
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Horticulturae 2026, 12(4), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12040483
Submission received: 24 March 2026 / Revised: 9 April 2026 / Accepted: 13 April 2026 / Published: 15 April 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Cultivation and Biological Activity of Medicinal Plants in Horticultural Production)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) is an extensively utilized herb, encompassing numerous bioactive compounds that hold significant interest in the food and pharmaceutical industries. High-throughput phenotyping is a rapid and non-invasive technique, providing diverse phenotypic trait observation and measurement. However, basic knowledge regarding the diversity among varieties beneficial for large-scale production in terms of yield and secondary metabolites under a controlled greenhouse environment is limited. Hence, we assessed and classified 12 Thai accessions and two commercial cultivars by evaluating growth, yield, and secondary metabolites at each harvesting time using an advanced NSTDA-Plant Phenomics platform. Notably, accessions OC130, OC141, OC072, and OC059 demonstrated stable metabolite production and antioxidant activity, highlighting their potential as superior accessions for further cultivation and utilization. These findings underscore the potential for tailored cultivation practices to manipulate secondary metabolite synthesis, thereby enhancing the medicinal properties and market value of Thai holy basil. The implications of this study extend to farmers, providing valuable insights into the phenotypic variation and practical avenues under consistent environmental conditions. Breeders can observe genetic diversity to improve basil varieties with desirable traits for specific environmental niches. Moreover, modern agricultural practices can benefit from understanding the impact of controlled environments on secondary metabolite synthesis.
Keywords: herbal yield; high-throughput phenotyping; holy basil; plant morphometrics; SMART greenhouse herbal yield; high-throughput phenotyping; holy basil; plant morphometrics; SMART greenhouse

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jindamol, H.; Thongtip, A.; Theerawitaya, C.; Cha-um, S.; Wanichananan, P.; Mosaleeyanon, K.; Chutimanukul, P. Assessing Growth Performance, Herbal Yield, and Secondary Metabolite Content in Thai Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) Accessions Using High-Throughput Phenotyping Platform Under Controlled Greenhouse Conditions. Horticulturae 2026, 12, 483. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12040483

AMA Style

Jindamol H, Thongtip A, Theerawitaya C, Cha-um S, Wanichananan P, Mosaleeyanon K, Chutimanukul P. Assessing Growth Performance, Herbal Yield, and Secondary Metabolite Content in Thai Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) Accessions Using High-Throughput Phenotyping Platform Under Controlled Greenhouse Conditions. Horticulturae. 2026; 12(4):483. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12040483

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jindamol, Hathairut, Akira Thongtip, Cattarin Theerawitaya, Suriyan Cha-um, Praderm Wanichananan, Kriengkrai Mosaleeyanon, and Panita Chutimanukul. 2026. "Assessing Growth Performance, Herbal Yield, and Secondary Metabolite Content in Thai Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) Accessions Using High-Throughput Phenotyping Platform Under Controlled Greenhouse Conditions" Horticulturae 12, no. 4: 483. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12040483

APA Style

Jindamol, H., Thongtip, A., Theerawitaya, C., Cha-um, S., Wanichananan, P., Mosaleeyanon, K., & Chutimanukul, P. (2026). Assessing Growth Performance, Herbal Yield, and Secondary Metabolite Content in Thai Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) Accessions Using High-Throughput Phenotyping Platform Under Controlled Greenhouse Conditions. Horticulturae, 12(4), 483. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12040483

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