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Horticulturae
Volume 12
Issue 1
10.3390/horticulturae12010031
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Optimization of a VIGS System Suitable for the Functional Study of Resistance Genes of Chinese Cabbage Against Clubroot Disease

by
Bo Zhang
†,
Ping Zhang
†,
Xin-Ming Li
,
Su-Meng Zhang
,
Xue-Mei Ma
,
Ran Yu
,
Nan Wang
* and
Rui-Qin Ji
*
Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cruciferous Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work as co-first authors.
Horticulturae 2026, 12(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12010031 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 29 October 2025 / Revised: 18 December 2025 / Accepted: 24 December 2025 / Published: 26 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses of Horticultural Plants: 2nd Edition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae has greatly affected the quality and yield of Chinese cabbage. Excavating the key resistance genes and verifying their function is important for clarifying disease resistance mechanisms. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology has been widely used in gene function research. However, the VIGS system specifically designed for the functional analysis of clubroot resistance genes is currently unavailable. In this study, it was found that the vacuum infiltration VIGS method is more effective for gene silencing than the seed soaking method. When seedlings were VIGS-treated using vacuum infiltration for 10 min, genes were effectively silenced on the 6th-35th days (d) after treatment, ensuring high seedling survival rate and plant transformation rate. To investigate the optimal inoculation time with P. brassicae, plants were inoculated 3, 6, 9, and 15 d after VIGS treatment. Results showed that the difference of clubroot resistance between gene-silenced and control plants was most significant when plants were inoculated 6 d after VIGS treatment. This result suggests that, when the target gene began to silence (6 d after VIGS), immediate inoculation with P. brassicae should be suitable for the functional study of clubroot-resistance genes.
Keywords: Brassicae rapa; plant–pathogen interaction; anti-stress; gene function; methodology research Brassicae rapa; plant–pathogen interaction; anti-stress; gene function; methodology research

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, B.; Zhang, P.; Li, X.-M.; Zhang, S.-M.; Ma, X.-M.; Yu, R.; Wang, N.; Ji, R.-Q. Optimization of a VIGS System Suitable for the Functional Study of Resistance Genes of Chinese Cabbage Against Clubroot Disease. Horticulturae 2026, 12, 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12010031

AMA Style

Zhang B, Zhang P, Li X-M, Zhang S-M, Ma X-M, Yu R, Wang N, Ji R-Q. Optimization of a VIGS System Suitable for the Functional Study of Resistance Genes of Chinese Cabbage Against Clubroot Disease. Horticulturae. 2026; 12(1):31. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12010031

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Bo, Ping Zhang, Xin-Ming Li, Su-Meng Zhang, Xue-Mei Ma, Ran Yu, Nan Wang, and Rui-Qin Ji. 2026. "Optimization of a VIGS System Suitable for the Functional Study of Resistance Genes of Chinese Cabbage Against Clubroot Disease" Horticulturae 12, no. 1: 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12010031

APA Style

Zhang, B., Zhang, P., Li, X.-M., Zhang, S.-M., Ma, X.-M., Yu, R., Wang, N., & Ji, R.-Q. (2026). Optimization of a VIGS System Suitable for the Functional Study of Resistance Genes of Chinese Cabbage Against Clubroot Disease. Horticulturae, 12(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12010031

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