Effects of Selenate Application on Growth, Nutrient Bioaccumulation, and Bioactive Compounds in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Site Conditions
2.2. Soil Characteristics and Conditioning
2.3. Experimental Design and Crop Management
2.4. Plant Material Analysis
2.5. Antioxidant Activity
2.6. Total Phenol Concentration (TPC)
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect on Plant Growth Parameters
3.2. Effect on Nutritional Parameters
3.3. Effect on Phytic Acid, Antioxidant Activity and Polyphenol Concentration
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Se Treatment | Stem+Leaves Weight (g) | Stem+Leaves Height (cm) | Floret Weight (g) | D (cm) | d (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 280 ± 23 a | 28.3 ± 0.2 c | 86.4 ± 3.0 a | 8.4 ± 0.2 a | 7.3 ± 0.1 a |
0.05-Se | 311 ± 13 a | 29.3 ± 1.0 bc | 92.8 ± 3.2 a | 8.8 ± 0.2 a | 7.2 ± 0.2 a |
0.10-Se | 282 ± 21 a | 32.0 ± 0.8 a | 97.8 ± 5.9 a | 8.7 ± 0.2 a | 8.0 ± 0.0 a |
0.15-Se | 300 ± 11 a | 31.2 ± 0.7 ab | 98.8 ± 10.4 a | 8.8 ± 0.3 a | 7.8 ± 0.6 a |
df | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
F-value | 0.72 | 5.35 * | 0.79 | 0.8 | 1.59 |
Source | Plant Fraction (P) | Se Treatment (T) | P × T |
---|---|---|---|
df | 2 | 3 | 6 |
Ca | 366.28 *** | 0.24 | 0.10 |
K | 50.72 *** | 0.44 | 0.58 |
Na | 29.68 *** | 1.63 | 1.78 |
Mg | 91.97 *** | 0.32 | 0.30 |
P | 87.74 *** | 4.68 | 0.71 |
S | 147.31 *** | 1.26 | 0.90 |
Co | 269.13 *** | 1.39 | 0.30 |
Cu | 55.86 *** | 0.41 | 2.66 |
Fe | 12.46 ** | 0.83 | 0.77 |
Mn | 4.42 | 0.49 | 0.60 |
Se | 52.61 *** | 147.04 *** | 5.23 ** |
Zn | 2.81 | 1.17 | 0.98 |
df | 1 | 3 | 3 |
Phytic acid | 150.99 *** | 104.55 *** | 132.00 *** |
PA:Ca | 553.14 *** | 48.10 *** | 44.74 *** |
PA:Mg | 144.03 *** | 52.71 *** | 44.05 *** |
PA:Fe | 9.04 * | 6.55 * | 9.21 * |
PA:Se | 58 ** | 223.19 *** | 111.83 *** |
PA:Zn | 13.31* | 15.44 ** | 5.99 * |
ABTS | 263.7 *** | 14.73 *** | 7.16 ** |
DPPH | 877.82 *** | 18.21 *** | 0.63 |
TPC | 72.97 *** | 77.98 *** | 3.38 * |
Parameter | Unit | Stem+Leaves | Raw Floret | Boiled Floret |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ca | g kg−1 | 13.2 ± 0.7 a | 2.6 ± 0.1 b | 2.6 ± 0.1 b |
K | 17.1 ± 0.7 b | 23.8 ± 0.5 a | 18.5 ± 0.3 b | |
Na | 618 ± 35 a | 439 ± 20 b | 381 ± 19 b | |
Mg | 1.71 ± 0.06 a | 1.31 ± 0.04 b | 1.02 ± 0.03 c | |
P | 3.1 ± 0.0 b | 4.6 ± 0.1 a | 4.4 ± 0.1 a | |
S | 2.7 ± 0.1 c | 6.8 ± 0.2 a | 4.9 ± 0.1 b | |
Co | mg kg−1 | 0.13 ± 0.00 c | 0.26 ± 0.01 a | 0.17 ± 0.01 b |
Cu | 1.0 ± 0.2 c | 3.0 ± 0.2 a | 2.3 ± 0.1 b | |
Fe | 24.9 ± 1.9 b | 38.6 ± 3.3 a | 26.5 ± 1.2 b | |
Mn | 17.4 ± 0.7 a | 16.6 ± 0.6 a | 14.5 ± 0.4 a | |
Se | 11.5 ± 2.9 b | 33.9 ± 8.4 a | 29.0 ± 7.6 a | |
Zn | 14.8 ± 6.8 a | 27.2 ± 1.3 a | 17.4 ± 0.6 a | |
Phytic acid | g kg−1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 b | 3.4 ± 0.7 a | - |
ABTS | mg Trolox 100 g−1 | 113 + 5 b | 156 + 2 a | - |
DPPH | 419 ± 14 b | 741 ± 14 a | - | |
TPC | mg GAE 100 g−1 | 169 ± 29 b | 272 ± 30 a | - |
Parameter | Unit | Control | 0.05-Se | 0.10-Se | 0.15-Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ca | g kg−1 | 6.3 ± 0.6 a | 6.2 ± 0.6 a | 5.7 ± 0.6 a | 6.2 ± 0.7 a |
K | 19.2 ± 0.4 a | 19.9 ± 0.4 a | 19.7 ± 0.3 a | 20.4 ± 0.4 a | |
Na | 421 ± 9 a | 475 ± 12 a | 504 ± 16 a | 516 ± 20 a | |
Mg | 1.34 ± 0.04 a | 1.35 ± 0.03 a | 1.31 ± 0.04 a | 1.39 ± 0.04 a | |
P | 3.8 ± 0.1 a | 4.2 ± 0.1 a | 3.9 ± 0.1 a | 4.2 ± 0.1 a | |
S | 4.7 ± 0.2 a | 4.8 ± 0.2 a | 4.7 ± 0.2 a | 5.1 ± 0.2 a | |
Co | mg kg−1 | 0.19 ± 0.01 a | 0.17 ± 0.01 a | 0.20 ± 0.01 a | 0.20 ± 0.01 a |
Cu | 2.2 ± 0.2 a | 2.2 ± 0.1 a | 1.9 ± 0.1 a | 2.2 ± 0.1 a | |
Fe | 32.0 ± 1.4 a | 27.1 ± 0.5 a | 28.8 ± 1.0 a | 32.2 ± 1.3 a | |
Mn | 16.1 ± 0.4 a | 16.1 ± 0.2 a | 15.4 ± 0.3 a | 17.0 ± 0.2 a | |
Se | 0.3 ± 0.0 d | 14.0 ± 0.6 c | 31.0 ± 1.7 b | 54.0 ± 2.7 a | |
Zn | 17.8 ± 1.2 a | 26.4 ± 2.7 a | 16.6 ± 0.8 | 18.3 ± 0.9 a | |
Phytic acid | g kg−1 | 4.5 ± 1.3 a | 1.9 ± 0.2 b | 1.6 ± 0.2 b | 1.9 ± 0.1 b |
ABTS | mg Trolox 100 g−1 | 120 ± 14 c | 144 ± 10 a | 139 ± 10 ab | 135 ± 6 b |
DPPH | 511 ± 73 b | 600 ± 71 a | 600 ± 78 a | 610 ± 70 a | |
TPC | mg GAE 100 g−1 | 165 ± 37 c | 370 ± 28 a | 219 ± 23 b | 129 ± 13 c |
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Poblaciones, M.J.; García-Latorre, C.; Velazquez, R.; Broadley, M.R. Effects of Selenate Application on Growth, Nutrient Bioaccumulation, and Bioactive Compounds in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.). Horticulturae 2024, 10, 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080808
Poblaciones MJ, García-Latorre C, Velazquez R, Broadley MR. Effects of Selenate Application on Growth, Nutrient Bioaccumulation, and Bioactive Compounds in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.). Horticulturae. 2024; 10(8):808. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080808
Chicago/Turabian StylePoblaciones, Maria J., Carlos García-Latorre, Rocio Velazquez, and Martin R. Broadley. 2024. "Effects of Selenate Application on Growth, Nutrient Bioaccumulation, and Bioactive Compounds in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.)" Horticulturae 10, no. 8: 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080808