Exploring Anaerobic Digestion from Mesophilic to Thermophilic Temperatures—Operational and Microbial Aspects
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Substrate
2.2. Design and Operation of Lab Digesters
2.3. Analysis
2.3.1. Operation of the Lab Digesters
2.3.2. DNA Extraction
2.3.3. Amplicon Sequencing
2.4. Calculations
2.4.1. COD Balances
2.4.2. Statistical Analyses
2.4.3. Microbiome Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Performance of the Lab Digesters
3.1.1. COD Balances of Lab Digesters
3.1.2. Physicochemical Parameters
3.1.3. Organic Acids and Alkalinity as Indicators for Process Stability
3.2. Microbial Community Analysis
3.2.1. Microbial Diversity
3.2.2. Microbial Community Composition
3.2.3. Bacterial Taxonomy
3.2.4. Archaeal Taxonomy
3.2.5. Process Stability
4. Relevance of Application
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AD | anaerobic digestion; | |
ASV | amplicon sequence variant; | |
CODS | soluble chemical oxygen demand | mg/L; |
CODT | total chemical oxygen demand | mg/L; |
FOS | volatile fatty acids (titration) | mg/L; |
GC | gas chromatography; | |
HRT | hydraulic retention time; | |
OLR | organic loading rate | g CODdegraded/(L·d); |
PCoA | principal coordinate analysis; | |
PE | population equivalent; | |
PS:SS | mixture of primary and secondary sludge; | |
SAOB | syntrophic acetate-oxidizing bacteria; | |
TAC | total alkalinity | mg/L; |
TKN | total Kjeldahl-nitrogen | mg/L; |
TS | total solids | %; |
TVS | total volatile solids | %; |
VFAs | volatile fatty acids (GC) | mg/L (acetic acid equivalents); |
WRRF | water resource recovery facility. |
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Aspect | Parameter | Unit | Period I (PS: SS #1) | Period II (PS: SS #2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Digester operation | HRT | d | 20 | 20 |
Temperature | °C | 37, 43, 47, 53 | 37, 43, 47, 53 | |
Substrate | Feeding period | d | 27 | 75 |
TS | % | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.1 | |
TVS | % | 81.0 ± 2.0 | 84.0 ± 2.0 | |
CODT | mg/L | 60,800 ± 2430 | 52,800 ± 2110 | |
CODT/TS | g COD/kg TS | 1126 ± 55 | 1173 ± 59 | |
TKN | mg/L | 2730 ± 136 | 2290 ± 115 | |
TKN/TS | g TKN/kg TS | 51 ± 3 | 51 ± 3 |
Period | Parameter | Unit | Temperature in °C | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
37 | 43 | 47 | 53 | |||
I | specific methane yield | LN CH4/kg CODadded | 207 | 212 | 215 | 211 |
LN CH4/kg CODdegraded | 325 | 358 | 357 | 352 | ||
methane content (a) | % | 61.2 | 61.4 | 61.0 | 61.5 | |
COD degradation rate | % | 64.1 | 62.6 | 63.6 | 63.0 | |
OLR | g CODdeg/(L·d) | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | |
HRT | d | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | |
II | specific methane yield | LN CH4/kg CODadded | 212 | 222 | 226 | 223 |
LN CH4/kg CODdegraded | 351 | 360 | 357 | 356 | ||
methane content (a) | % | 62.6 | 62.1 | 61.6 | 62.1 | |
COD degradation rate | % | 63.4 | 65.5 | 67.0 | 66.1 | |
OLR | g CODdegraded/(L·d) | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
HRT | d | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
Period | Parameter | Unit | Temperature [°C] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
37 | 43 | 47 | 53 | |||
I | VFAs (a) | mg/L | 16 ± 3 | 26 ± 9 | 29 ± 7 | 42 ± 16 |
FOS (b) | mg/L | 450 | 614 | 651 | 792 | |
TAC (b) | mg/L | 4340 | 5040 | 5360 | 5170 | |
FOS/TAC (b) | - | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.15 |
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Steiniger, B.; Hupfauf, S.; Insam, H.; Schaum, C. Exploring Anaerobic Digestion from Mesophilic to Thermophilic Temperatures—Operational and Microbial Aspects. Fermentation 2023, 9, 798. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9090798
Steiniger B, Hupfauf S, Insam H, Schaum C. Exploring Anaerobic Digestion from Mesophilic to Thermophilic Temperatures—Operational and Microbial Aspects. Fermentation. 2023; 9(9):798. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9090798
Chicago/Turabian StyleSteiniger, Bettina, Sebastian Hupfauf, Heribert Insam, and Christian Schaum. 2023. "Exploring Anaerobic Digestion from Mesophilic to Thermophilic Temperatures—Operational and Microbial Aspects" Fermentation 9, no. 9: 798. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9090798