Long Non-Coding RNAs Associated with Heterochromatin Function in Immune Cells in Psychosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Demographics
2.2. Diagnostic Differences
2.3. Co-Expression of lncRNAs
2.4. Differences in the Expression of lncRNAs Based on Antipsychotic Treatment Status in the Clinical Sample
2.5. Effect of Antipsychotics on the expression of lncRNAs in the M0 and M2 macrophages
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Participant Information and Clinical Measures
4.2. Sample Collection, Processing and Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)
4.3. Primary Clinical Measures
4.4. THP1-Derived M2tol Polarized Macrophages and Risperidone Treatment
4.5. Statistical Analyses
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control | Psychosis | Group Differences | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n) | 44 (33.8%) | 86 (66.2%) | ||||
Sex | Female (n) | 25 (41.0%) | 36 (59.0%) | χ2(3) = 2.615, p = 0.106 | ||
Male (n) | 19 (27.5%) | 50 (72.5%) | ||||
Race | Caucasian, non-Hispanic (n) | 12 (54.5%) | 10 (45.5%) | χ2(3) = 22.494, p < 0.001 | ||
Black, non-Hispanic (n) | 18 (22.5%) | 62 (77.5%) | ||||
Asian or other Pacific Islander (n) | 10 (83.3%) | 2 (16.7%) | ||||
Hispanic (n) | 4 (25.0%) | 12 (75.0%) | ||||
Antipsychotic Use | Yes (n) | 0 | 77 | |||
No (n) | 44 | 9 | ||||
Other medication * | Yes (n) | 4 | 9 | |||
No (n) | 40 | 77 | ||||
Smoking | Yes(n) | 7 | 39 | χ2(3) = 11.034, p = 0.001 | ||
No (n) | 37 | 47 | ||||
Age (Mean ± SD) | 38.77 ± 12.82 | 40.21 ± 12.98 | t(128) = −0.600, p = 0.55 | |||
BMI (Mean ± SD) | 28.93 ± 8.1 | 30.8 ± 8.15 | t(128) = 1.241, p = 0.217 | |||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
Age at onset of illness | ~ | ~ | 21.32 | 7.88 | ||
Duration of untreated psychosis | ~ | ~ | 2.97 | 5.85 | ||
Duration of illness | ~ | ~ | 19.33 | 14.35 |
N = 130 | Control (n = 44) | Psychosis (n = 86) | Group Differences | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inpatient(n = 33) | Outpatient(n = 53) | |||||||
PANSS Five-Factor Scores | Mean ± SD | Range | Mean ± SD | Range | Mean ± SD | Range | Inpatient and Outpatient † | Control, Inpatient and Outpatient ‡ |
Positive | 4.11 ± 0.49 | 4–7 | 18.27 ± 2.39 | 13–23 | 13.49 ± 4.40 | 5–21 | t(84) = 5.73 *** | F(2,127) = 218.20 *** |
Negative | 6.55 ± 7.56 | 6–15 | 20.76 ± 7.56 | 6–36 | 15.60 ± 5.91 | 6–27 | t(84) = 3.58 *** | F(2,127) = 68.56 *** |
Cognitive | 5.48 ± 1.07 | 5–10 | 17.34 ± 4.09 | 8–25 | 12.00 ± 4.01 | 5–21 | t(84) = 5.95 *** | F(2,127) = 121.25 *** |
Excitement | 5.66 ± 1.98 | 4–13 | 10.91 ± 3.41 | 6–28 | 9.34 ± 2.78 | 4–16 | t(84) = 2.33 * | F(2,127) = 39.35 *** |
Depression | 7.55 ± 2.71 | 5–14 | 15.69 ± 2.80 | 10–23 | 13.83 ± 3.33 | 6–22 | t(84) = 2.68 ** | F(2,127) = 83.173 *** |
PINT | GAS5 | |
---|---|---|
MEG3 | * r = 0.237 p = 0.015 | * r = 0.080 p = 0.422 |
PINT | * r = 0.222 p = 0.016 |
GAPDH | 5′-CGAGATCCCTCCAAAATCAA-3′ | 5′-TTCACACCCATGACGAACAT-3′ |
ACTB | 5′s-TGAAGGTAGTTTCGTGGATGC-3′ | 5′-TCCCTGGAGAAGAGCTACGA-3′ |
MEG3 | 5′-GCGGAGAGCAGAGAGGGA-3′ | 5′-AGGAGAGACCCGGGTGAG-3′ |
PINT | 5′-CCATCTGGAGTTTCTCTGCCT-3′ | 5′-GGTAAGACTCTGTCTTCAGCTGTTA-3′ |
GAS-5 | 5′-TCCTGTGAGGTATGGTGCTGG-3′ | 5-AACTTGCCTGGACCAGCTTA-3′ |
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Sudhalkar, N.; Rosen, C.; Melbourne, J.K.; Park, M.R.; Chase, K.A.; Sharma, R.P. Long Non-Coding RNAs Associated with Heterochromatin Function in Immune Cells in Psychosis. Non-Coding RNA 2018, 4, 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna4040043
Sudhalkar N, Rosen C, Melbourne JK, Park MR, Chase KA, Sharma RP. Long Non-Coding RNAs Associated with Heterochromatin Function in Immune Cells in Psychosis. Non-Coding RNA. 2018; 4(4):43. https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna4040043
Chicago/Turabian StyleSudhalkar, Niyati, Cherise Rosen, Jennifer K. Melbourne, Mi Rae Park, Kayla A. Chase, and Rajiv P. Sharma. 2018. "Long Non-Coding RNAs Associated with Heterochromatin Function in Immune Cells in Psychosis" Non-Coding RNA 4, no. 4: 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna4040043