Design and Optimization of Valve Lift Curves for Piston-Type Expander at Different Rotational Speeds
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Mechanism and Modeling
2.1. Introduction to the Electro-Pneumatic VVA System
2.2. Mathematical Modeling of the Electro-Pneumatic VVA System
- The working medium, compressed air, follows the ideal gas law;
- There is no gas leakage in the system during operation;
- The inflow and outflow of gas within the cylinder are considered quasi-steady, one-dimensional flows;
- There is no leakage during the operation of the expander;
- The state of the gas inside the cylinder remains uniform during operation;
- Temperature variations inside the chamber are negligible compared to the supply air temperature
3. Design and Optimization of the Valve Lift Curve
3.1. Design of the Valve Lift Curve
3.2. Optimization of the Valve Lift Curve
4. Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Non-Cam and Cam-Based Expanders
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Under certain constraints, the valve lift curve involved in the improved S-curve-based trajectory planning method has a high coefficient of fecundity.
- (2)
- The degree of influence of different valve lift curve design parameters on the output power is . The larger the value of the selected parameter, the larger the intake air volume during PTE operation, which will increase the output power. The degree of influence of each parameter on energy efficiency is also . However, the larger the value of the selected parameter, the greater the energy efficiency of the PTE will be reduced.
- (3)
- Different combinations of parameters for the design of the optimal valve lift curve at different speeds. At 800 rpm, the optimal design parameter combination results in an output power of 7.12 kW and an energy efficiency of 53.5%. At 900 rpm, the optimal combination of design parameters results in an output power of 8.17 kW and an energy efficiency of 50.6%. At 1000 rpm, the optimum combination of design parameters results in an output power of 9.2 kW, with an energy efficiency of 46.8%. At 1100 rpm, the optimum combination of design parameters results in an output power of 12.09 kW with an energy efficiency of 41.2%.
- (4)
- The output performance of a non-cam expander is better than that of a cam-based piston expander at different speeds. Through simulation comparison, the output power increased by 18.37%, 11.42%, 11.62%, and 9.82%, respectively, at different speeds. Energy efficiency improved by 15.01%, 15.05%, 14.24%, and 13.86%.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Speed (rpm) | Scheme | Parameter A (mm) | Parameter B (ms) | Parameter C (ms) |
---|---|---|---|---|
800 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 19 |
2 | 4 | 3 | 22 | |
3 | 5 | 4 | 25 | |
900 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 16 |
2 | 4 | 3 | 19 | |
3 | 5 | 4 | 22 | |
1000 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 15 |
2 | 5 | 4 | 18 | |
3 | 6 | 5 | 21 | |
1100 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 12 |
2 | 6 | 5 | 15 | |
3 | 7 | 6 | 18 |
Scheme | Parameter A (mm) | Parameter B (ms) | Parameter C (ms) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 4 | 3 | 15 |
2 | 4 | 4 | 18 |
3 | 4 | 5 | 21 |
4 | 5 | 3 | 18 |
5 | 5 | 4 | 21 |
6 | 5 | 5 | 15 |
7 | 6 | 3 | 21 |
8 | 6 | 4 | 15 |
9 | 6 | 5 | 18 |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Cylinder diameter (mm) | 0.085 |
Cylinder stroke (m) | 0.088 |
Crank radius (m) | 0.044 |
Connecting rod length (m) | 0.139 |
Clearance volume (m3) | 3.97 × 10−5 |
Piston ring thickness (m) | 0.0014 |
Piston mass (kg) | 1.011 |
Inlet and exhaust valve area (mm2) | 74.61 |
Parameter | Parameter A | Parameter B | Parameter C |
---|---|---|---|
8.9 | 7.5 | 9.33 | |
9.7 | 10.83 | 9.07 | |
10.5 | 10.77 | 10.6 | |
R | 1.6 | 3.33 | 1.53 |
Parameter | Parameter A | Parameter B | Parameter C |
---|---|---|---|
44.33 | 51 | 39 | |
38.33 | 39.67 | 40.33 | |
35 | 27 | 38.33 | |
R | 9.33 | 24 | 2 |
Speed (rpm) | P (kW) | η (%) | (mm) | (ms) | (ms) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
800 | 6.12 | 47.5 | 4 | 2 | 19 |
900 | 9.17 | 40.6 | 4 | 3 | 19 |
1000 | 12 | 34.7 | 5 | 4 | 15 |
1100 | 14.09 | 31.2 | 6 | 4 | 12 |
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Sun, Y.; Yu, Q.; Han, Z.; Qin, R.; Hao, X. Design and Optimization of Valve Lift Curves for Piston-Type Expander at Different Rotational Speeds. Fluids 2025, 10, 204. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids10080204
Sun Y, Yu Q, Han Z, Qin R, Hao X. Design and Optimization of Valve Lift Curves for Piston-Type Expander at Different Rotational Speeds. Fluids. 2025; 10(8):204. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids10080204
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Yongtao, Qihui Yu, Zhenjie Han, Ripeng Qin, and Xueqing Hao. 2025. "Design and Optimization of Valve Lift Curves for Piston-Type Expander at Different Rotational Speeds" Fluids 10, no. 8: 204. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids10080204
APA StyleSun, Y., Yu, Q., Han, Z., Qin, R., & Hao, X. (2025). Design and Optimization of Valve Lift Curves for Piston-Type Expander at Different Rotational Speeds. Fluids, 10(8), 204. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids10080204