Recent Advances in Mechanical Reinforcement of Zwitterionic Hydrogels
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Characteristics of Zwitterionic Hydrogels
3. Mechanical Reinforcement Methods
3.1. Eliminating the Weakness in Polymer Networks
3.2. Avoiding Crack Expansion
4. Recent Advances in Mechanical Reinforced Zwitterionic Hydrogels
4.1. Multiple Network Hydrogels
4.2. Dual-Cross-Linked Hydrogels
4.2.1. Zwitterionic Hydrogels Prepared by Molecular Design
Dual-Cross-Linking | Zwitterionic Units | Components | Mechanical Properties | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hydrogen bond | CB1MA2OH-1: 3M Crosslinker: 2 mol% EWC: 71.7% | Compressive strain: 55% Compressive stress: 0.75 MPa | [93] | |
CB1MA2OH-2: 3M Crosslinker: 2 mol% EWC: 73.7% | Compressive strain: 50% Compressive stress: 0.45 MPa | [93] | ||
Ectoine: 4.4 M Crosslinker: 1.5 wt% EWC(PBS): 82.0% | Compressive stress: 0.32 MPa Compressive strain: 62% Compressive modulus: 0.17 MPa | [97] | ||
Marg: 0.4 M Crosslinker: 1 wt% EWC: 88.9% | Compressive modulus: 0.21 MPa | [98] | ||
π–π stacking | VIPS: 3M Crosslinker: 0.02 mol% EWC: 50.0% | Elastic modulus: 18 KPa Tensile strain: 6.0 mm/mm Tensile stress: 90 KPa | [76] | |
SPV: 2.4 M Crosslinker: 3.0 wt% EWC: 61.0% | Elastic modulus: 105 KPa Elastic modulus (KSCN): 36.5 KPa | [96] | ||
QTR-CB: 2 M Crosslinker: 5.0 mol% Swelling in PBS | Compressive strain: 78% Compressive stress: 0.78 MPa Tensile strain: 0.7 mm/mm Tensile stress: 0.013 MPa Young’s modulus: 30 KPa | [94] | ||
TR-CB: 2 M Crosslinker: 5.0 mol% Swelling in PBS | Compressive strain: 79% Compressive stress: 1.0 MPa Tensile strain: 0.9 mm/mm Tensile stress: 11 KPa Young’s modulus: 20 KPa | [94] | ||
TR-SB: 2 M Crosslinker: 5.0 mol% Swelling in PBS | Compressive strain: 89% Compressive stress: 1.05 MPa Tensile strain: 2.5 mm/mm Tensile stress: 13 KPa Young’s modulus: 15 KPa | [94] | ||
DVBAPS: 4 M Crosslinker: 0.5 mol% EWC: 48.4% | Tensile strain: 3.7 mm/mm Tensile stress: 75 KPa Young’s modulus: 53 KPa | [95] | ||
VBIPS: 4 M Crosslinker: 0.5 mol% EWC: 44.2% | Tensile strain: 4.4 mm/mm Tensile stress: 200 KPa Young’s modulus: 56 KPa | [95] |
4.2.2. Zwitterionic Ionic Hydrogels Prepared by Multicomponent Copolymerization
4.3. Functional Cross-Linkers Reinforced Zwitterionic Hydrogels
4.4. Other Reinforcement Method to Prepare Tough Zwitterionic Hydrogel
5. Conclusions and Perspective
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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-R | -R0 | Abbreviation | |
---|---|---|---|
SB3MA2 | |||
SB3MAA3 SB3AA3 | |||
SB4AA3 | |||
CB1MA2 | |||
CB2MA2 | |||
CB3MA2 | |||
CB2MAA3 CB2AA3 | |||
CB1AA3 | |||
MPC | |||
LysAA |
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Lin, W.; Wei, X.; Liu, S.; Zhang, J.; Yang, T.; Chen, S. Recent Advances in Mechanical Reinforcement of Zwitterionic Hydrogels. Gels 2022, 8, 580. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8090580
Lin W, Wei X, Liu S, Zhang J, Yang T, Chen S. Recent Advances in Mechanical Reinforcement of Zwitterionic Hydrogels. Gels. 2022; 8(9):580. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8090580
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Weifeng, Xinyue Wei, Sihang Liu, Juan Zhang, Tian Yang, and Shengfu Chen. 2022. "Recent Advances in Mechanical Reinforcement of Zwitterionic Hydrogels" Gels 8, no. 9: 580. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8090580