Rheological Properties of Organic Kerosene Gel Fuel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Shear-Thinning and Yield
2.2. Shear-Thinning Coupled with Temperature
2.3. Thixotropic Loop Test
2.4. Second-Order Dynamic Thixotropic Model
3. Conclusions
- (1)
- The experimental measurements suggest that the thixotropic behavior of the kerosene gel would be exhausted by continuous shear effect, degenerating into a standard shear-thinning fluid with relatively simple mechanical behavior. This is beneficial to not only the study of its constitutive relationship, but also the engineering application where the friction of transportation is one of the major concerns.
- (2)
- After sufficient pre-shearing, the shear-thinning property could be approximated by a power law relationship between the equilibrium viscosity and the shear rate, where the consistency index increases with the gellant mass fraction, while the power law exponent remains almost constant.
- (3)
- A constitutive model of the viscosity affected by both temperature and shear rate is fitted. The fitted model can accurately predict the viscosity of kerosene gel affected at a variety of temperatures and shear rates. The difference in the fitted consistency indexes between this model and the previous shear-thinning model is less than 5%.
- (4)
- The time-dependent behavior of shear-thinning properties is investigated by thixotropic loops, based on which a second-order kinetic model is fitted. The expression of the model is consistent with the two power law relationships fitted previously, and the introduction of a structural parameter enables a reasonable prediction of the thixotropic characteristics of the kerosene gel.
4. Gel Preparation and Measurement Method
4.1. Materials and Instruments
4.2. Formulation of Constitutive Models
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gellant Mass Fraction | R2 | ||
---|---|---|---|
4% | 6.804 | 0.191 | 0.991 |
5% | 11.847 | 0.195 | 0.991 |
6% | 20.042 | 0.192 | 0.990 |
0.4725 | 0.1696 | 1.8957 | 25.073 | 0.195 |
Kerosene (wt%) | THIXATROL ST (wt%) | Anhydrous Ethanol (wt%) |
---|---|---|
92 | 4 | 4 |
90 | 5 | 5 |
88 | 6 | 6 |
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Li, M.-G.; Wu, Y.; Cao, Q.-L.; Yuan, X.-Y.; Chen, X.; Han, J.-L.; Wu, W.-T. Rheological Properties of Organic Kerosene Gel Fuel. Gels 2022, 8, 507. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8080507
Li M-G, Wu Y, Cao Q-L, Yuan X-Y, Chen X, Han J-L, Wu W-T. Rheological Properties of Organic Kerosene Gel Fuel. Gels. 2022; 8(8):507. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8080507
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Meng-Ge, Yan Wu, Qin-Liu Cao, Xin-Yi Yuan, Xiong Chen, Jun-Li Han, and Wei-Tao Wu. 2022. "Rheological Properties of Organic Kerosene Gel Fuel" Gels 8, no. 8: 507. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8080507