Synthesis of Novel Hyaluronic Acid Sulfonated Hydrogels Using Safe Reactants: A Chemical and Biological Characterization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Conclusions
- -
- the formation of a more regular porous structure with interconnected pores;
- -
- a decrease of the equilibrium water uptake and, therefore, an increase of gel mechanical stability;
- -
- a higher hydrogel stability towards enzymatic degradation;
- -
- a greater collagen absorption by electrostatic interaction of the protein with the sulfonic groups, in anionic form even at low pH;
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- a resulting increase of viability of fibroblasts cultured for 72 h into the hydrogel with collagen;
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- a more stable attachment of fibroblasts on the gel surface, as evidenced by cell morphological changes and formation of filopodia.
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Hydrogel Preparation
4.3. Degree of Sulfonation Determination
4.4. Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR)
4.5. Ninhydrin Test
4.6. Water Swelling Determination
4.7. Mechanical Measurements
4.8. SEM Morphological Analysis
4.9. In Vitro Degradation
4.10. Cell Culture
4.11. MTT Assay
4.12. Cells Morphology (SEM)
4.13. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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HA (wt/v%) | HA:BDDE:Bes (Molar Ratio) | tcross (h) | Gel Formation |
---|---|---|---|
5 | 1:1:0.5 | 24, 72, 96 | No |
8 | 1:1:0.5 | 24, 72, 96 | Yes (soft gel) |
10 | 1:1:0.5 | 24, 72, 96 | Yes |
10 | 1:1:0.8 | 24, 72, 96 | No |
10 | 1:1:1 | 24, 72, 96 | No |
Sample | HA:BDDE:Bes * (mol) | tcross (h) | Collagen |
---|---|---|---|
HYDRO-24 | 1:1:0 | 24 | - |
HYDRO-72 | 1:1:0 | 72 | - |
HYDRO-96 | 1:1:0 | 96 | - |
HYDRO-72-Coll | 1:1:0 | 72 | Yes |
HYDRO-Bes-24 | 1:1:0.5 | 24 | - |
HYDRO-Bes-72 | 1:1:0.5 | 72 | - |
HYDRO-Bes-96 | 1:1:0.5 | 96 | - |
HYDRO-Bes-72-Coll | 1:1:0.5 | 72 | Yes |
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Sturabotti, E.; Consalvi, S.; Tucciarone, L.; Macrì, E.; Di Lisio, V.; Francolini, I.; Minichiello, C.; Piozzi, A.; Vuotto, C.; Martinelli, A. Synthesis of Novel Hyaluronic Acid Sulfonated Hydrogels Using Safe Reactants: A Chemical and Biological Characterization. Gels 2022, 8, 480. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8080480
Sturabotti E, Consalvi S, Tucciarone L, Macrì E, Di Lisio V, Francolini I, Minichiello C, Piozzi A, Vuotto C, Martinelli A. Synthesis of Novel Hyaluronic Acid Sulfonated Hydrogels Using Safe Reactants: A Chemical and Biological Characterization. Gels. 2022; 8(8):480. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8080480
Chicago/Turabian StyleSturabotti, Elisa, Silvia Consalvi, Luca Tucciarone, Elisa Macrì, Valerio Di Lisio, Iolanda Francolini, Carmen Minichiello, Antonella Piozzi, Claudia Vuotto, and Andrea Martinelli. 2022. "Synthesis of Novel Hyaluronic Acid Sulfonated Hydrogels Using Safe Reactants: A Chemical and Biological Characterization" Gels 8, no. 8: 480. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8080480