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Volume 8
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10.3390/gels8070428
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Article

Evaluation of the Accessibility of Molecules in Hydrogels Using a Scale of Spin Probes

by
Iulia Matei
1,
Ana-Maria Ariciu
2,
Elena Irina Popescu
1,
Sorin Mocanu
1,
Alexandru Vincentiu Florian Neculae
1,
Florenta Savonea
1 and
Gabriela Ionita
1,*
1
“Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
2
IPG Health Consulting, King Edward Street, Macclesfield SK19 1AQ, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Gels 2022, 8(7), 428; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8070428
Submission received: 14 June 2022 / Revised: 4 July 2022 / Accepted: 7 July 2022 / Published: 8 July 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogels with Appropriate/Tunable Properties for Biomedical Applications)
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Abstract

In this work, we explored by means of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy the accessibility of a series of spin probes, covering a scale of molecular weights in the range of 200–60,000 Da, in a variety of hydrogels: covalent network, ionotropic, interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) and semi-IPN. The covalent gel network consists of polyethylene or polypropylene chains linked via isocyanate groups with cyclodextrin, and the ionotropic gel is generated by alginate in the presence of Ca2+ ions, whereas semi-IPN and IPN gel networks are generated in a solution of alginate and chitosan by adding crosslinking agents, Ca2+ for alginate and glutaraldehyde for chitosan. It was observed that the size of the diffusing species determines the ability of the gel to uptake them. Low molecular weight compounds can diffuse into the gel, but when the size of the probes increases, the gel cannot uptake them. Spin-labelled Pluronic F127 cannot be encapsulated by any covalent gel, whereas spin-labelled albumin can diffuse in alginate gels and in most of the IPN networks. The EPR spectra also evidenced the specific interactions of spin probes inside hydrogels. The results suggest that EPR spectroscopy can be an alternate method to evaluate the mesh size of gel systems and to provide information on local interactions inside gels.
Keywords: polymeric gels; diffusion; EPR spectroscopy; nitroxides polymeric gels; diffusion; EPR spectroscopy; nitroxides
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MDPI and ACS Style

Matei, I.; Ariciu, A.-M.; Popescu, E.I.; Mocanu, S.; Neculae, A.V.F.; Savonea, F.; Ionita, G. Evaluation of the Accessibility of Molecules in Hydrogels Using a Scale of Spin Probes. Gels 2022, 8, 428. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8070428

AMA Style

Matei I, Ariciu A-M, Popescu EI, Mocanu S, Neculae AVF, Savonea F, Ionita G. Evaluation of the Accessibility of Molecules in Hydrogels Using a Scale of Spin Probes. Gels. 2022; 8(7):428. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8070428

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matei, Iulia, Ana-Maria Ariciu, Elena Irina Popescu, Sorin Mocanu, Alexandru Vincentiu Florian Neculae, Florenta Savonea, and Gabriela Ionita. 2022. "Evaluation of the Accessibility of Molecules in Hydrogels Using a Scale of Spin Probes" Gels 8, no. 7: 428. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8070428

APA Style

Matei, I., Ariciu, A.-M., Popescu, E. I., Mocanu, S., Neculae, A. V. F., Savonea, F., & Ionita, G. (2022). Evaluation of the Accessibility of Molecules in Hydrogels Using a Scale of Spin Probes. Gels, 8(7), 428. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8070428

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