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Volume 11
Issue 8
10.3390/gels11080625
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Preparation of Bismuth Vanadates with Rich Oxygen Vacancies Using Different Sol pH and Their Photocatalytic Behavior in Degradation of Methylene Blue

by
Shengli Chen
1,
Yuanyuan Zhong
1,
Jie Yang
2,
Daixiong Yang
1,
Dong Liu
3,
Xiaodong Zhu
1,4 and
Lin Huang
1,4,*
1
School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
2
Department of Basic Courses, Officers College of the People’s Armed Police Force, Chengdu 610218, China
3
Sichuan Tuomai Xingzhong Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610106, China
4
Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Powder Metallurgy, Chengdu 610106, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Gels 2025, 11(8), 625; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080625 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 8 July 2025 / Revised: 4 August 2025 / Accepted: 7 August 2025 / Published: 9 August 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Gel precursors were formed by reacting bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, acetic acid, sodium metavanadate, and NaOH. pH was adjusted using NaOH solution followed by calcination to obtain bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photocatalysts. During synthesis, pH directly influenced the formation and structure of the gel network. Therefore, the effects of pH on the microstructure and photocatalytic activity of BiVO4 were investigated. At pH 3, the sample consisted of microspheres formed by tightly packed small particles. At pH 5, the microspheres transformed into aggregated flakes. Photocatalytic performance was evaluated through methylene blue (MB) degradation, revealing the sample prepared at pH 7 (7-BVO) demonstrated the highest efficiency. The electronic band structure, bandgap, and band edge positions of 7-BVO were probed by density functional theory (DFT) and UV-vis absorption spectra. Furthermore, photoluminescence spectroscopy, electrochemical measurements, active species trapping experiments and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry technique collectively revealed the possible mechanistic pathways for MB photodegradation by 7-BVO.
Keywords: photocatalyst; bismuth vanadate; pH control; methylene blue photocatalyst; bismuth vanadate; pH control; methylene blue

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, S.; Zhong, Y.; Yang, J.; Yang, D.; Liu, D.; Zhu, X.; Huang, L. Preparation of Bismuth Vanadates with Rich Oxygen Vacancies Using Different Sol pH and Their Photocatalytic Behavior in Degradation of Methylene Blue. Gels 2025, 11, 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080625

AMA Style

Chen S, Zhong Y, Yang J, Yang D, Liu D, Zhu X, Huang L. Preparation of Bismuth Vanadates with Rich Oxygen Vacancies Using Different Sol pH and Their Photocatalytic Behavior in Degradation of Methylene Blue. Gels. 2025; 11(8):625. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080625

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Shengli, Yuanyuan Zhong, Jie Yang, Daixiong Yang, Dong Liu, Xiaodong Zhu, and Lin Huang. 2025. "Preparation of Bismuth Vanadates with Rich Oxygen Vacancies Using Different Sol pH and Their Photocatalytic Behavior in Degradation of Methylene Blue" Gels 11, no. 8: 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080625

APA Style

Chen, S., Zhong, Y., Yang, J., Yang, D., Liu, D., Zhu, X., & Huang, L. (2025). Preparation of Bismuth Vanadates with Rich Oxygen Vacancies Using Different Sol pH and Their Photocatalytic Behavior in Degradation of Methylene Blue. Gels, 11(8), 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080625

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