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Volume 11
Issue 8
10.3390/gels11080623
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Mechanisms of Covalent Bonds in Enhancing the Adsorption Stability of Clay–Polymer Gels in High-Temperature Environments

by
Yu Wang
,
Fan Zhang
*,
Liangbin Dou
,
Yutong Li
,
Kaiwen Wang
,
Zhengli Shi
,
Leyao Du
,
Wangyuan Zhang
and
Zonglun Wang
School of Petroleum Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Gels 2025, 11(8), 623; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080623 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 17 July 2025 / Revised: 5 August 2025 / Accepted: 7 August 2025 / Published: 9 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Gel Chemistry and Physics)
Versions Notes

Abstract

To address the issue of drilling fluid performance drop and wellbore instability induced by desorption between treatment agents and clay in the high-temperature environment of ultra-deep drilling, this study synthesized three organosilicon polymers (ADE, ADM, ADD) with different substituents. The study confirmed that the covalent bond significantly improved the high-temperature adsorption resistance of clay, which is closely related to the interface behavior of gels. Through rolling recovery, rheology, and filtration experiments for performance evaluation, these organic silicon polymers showed excellent high-temperature performance: the shale rolling recovery rate exceeded 80% at 210 °C, and the filtration loss was reduced to 14 mL, with a reduction rate of 53.3%. The adsorption capacity of the three polymers on clay remained unchanged from 150 °C to 210 °C, among which the adsorption amount of trimethoxy groups stabilized at 8–11 mg/g after 150 °C. The adsorption capacity of ethoxy groups increased by 7.9% at 150–210 °C. The adsorption capacity of dimethoxy groups with methyl steric hindrance increased by 28.1% at 150–210 °C. These results indicate that covalent bonds effectively enhance the high-temperature adsorption of clay, allowing for polymer molecules to firmly anchor on the clay surface at high temperatures. This breakthrough overcomes the limitations of traditional inhibitors in high-temperature desorption, and provides a valuable reference for the preparation of high-temperature adsorption resistant functional materials in water-based drilling fluid gel systems.
Keywords: silicone polymer; covalent bond; gel system; high-temperature resistance; film-forming silicone polymer; covalent bond; gel system; high-temperature resistance; film-forming

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, Y.; Zhang, F.; Dou, L.; Li, Y.; Wang, K.; Shi, Z.; Du, L.; Zhang, W.; Wang, Z. Mechanisms of Covalent Bonds in Enhancing the Adsorption Stability of Clay–Polymer Gels in High-Temperature Environments. Gels 2025, 11, 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080623

AMA Style

Wang Y, Zhang F, Dou L, Li Y, Wang K, Shi Z, Du L, Zhang W, Wang Z. Mechanisms of Covalent Bonds in Enhancing the Adsorption Stability of Clay–Polymer Gels in High-Temperature Environments. Gels. 2025; 11(8):623. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080623

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Yu, Fan Zhang, Liangbin Dou, Yutong Li, Kaiwen Wang, Zhengli Shi, Leyao Du, Wangyuan Zhang, and Zonglun Wang. 2025. "Mechanisms of Covalent Bonds in Enhancing the Adsorption Stability of Clay–Polymer Gels in High-Temperature Environments" Gels 11, no. 8: 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080623

APA Style

Wang, Y., Zhang, F., Dou, L., Li, Y., Wang, K., Shi, Z., Du, L., Zhang, W., & Wang, Z. (2025). Mechanisms of Covalent Bonds in Enhancing the Adsorption Stability of Clay–Polymer Gels in High-Temperature Environments. Gels, 11(8), 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080623

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