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Volume 11
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10.3390/gels11100775
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Hybrid Alginate-Based Polysaccharide Aerogels Microparticles for Drug Delivery: Preparation, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation

by
Mohammad Alnaief
1,*,
Balsam Mohammad
1,
Ibrahem Altarawneh
1,
Dema Alkhatib
1,
Zayed Al-Hamamre
2,
Hadeia Mashaqbeh
3,
Khalid Bani-Melhem
4 and
Rana Obeidat
5
1
Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering Department, School of Applied Medical Sciences, German Jordanian University, Amman Madaba Street, P.O. Box 35247, Amman 11180, Jordan
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
3
Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
4
Center for advanced Material (CAM), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
5
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Gels 2025, 11(10), 775; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11100775 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 21 August 2025 / Revised: 19 September 2025 / Accepted: 23 September 2025 / Published: 26 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Aerogels: From Design to Application)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Hybrid polysaccharide-based aerogels offer significant potential as advanced drug delivery platforms due to their tunable structure, high porosity, and biocompatibility. In this study, aerogel microparticles were synthesized using alginate, pectin, carrageenan, and their hybrid formulations via an emulsion–gelation technique followed by supercritical fluid CO2 extraction. The resulting aerogels exhibit mesoporous structures with specific surface areas ranging from 324 to 521 m2/g and pore volumes between 1.99 and 3.75 cm3/g. Comprehensive characterization (SEM, gas sorption, XRD, TGA, DSC, and FTIR) confirmed that hybridization improved morphological uniformity and thermal stability compared to single polymer aerogels. Ibuprofen was used as a model drug to evaluate loading efficiency and release kinetics. Among all formulations, the alginate/carrageenan (2:1) hybrid showed the highest drug loading efficiency (93.5%) and a rapid release profile (>90% within 15 min), closely matching the performance of commercial ibuprofen tablets. Drug release followed Fickian diffusion, as confirmed by the Korsmeyer–Peppas model (R2 > 0.99). These results highlight the potential of hybrid polysaccharide aerogels as vehicles for drug delivery and other fast-acting therapeutic applications.
Keywords: hybrid aerogels; polysaccharide; drug delivery; supercritical fluid extraction; microparticles hybrid aerogels; polysaccharide; drug delivery; supercritical fluid extraction; microparticles

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MDPI and ACS Style

Alnaief, M.; Mohammad, B.; Altarawneh, I.; Alkhatib, D.; Al-Hamamre, Z.; Mashaqbeh, H.; Bani-Melhem, K.; Obeidat, R. Hybrid Alginate-Based Polysaccharide Aerogels Microparticles for Drug Delivery: Preparation, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation. Gels 2025, 11, 775. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11100775

AMA Style

Alnaief M, Mohammad B, Altarawneh I, Alkhatib D, Al-Hamamre Z, Mashaqbeh H, Bani-Melhem K, Obeidat R. Hybrid Alginate-Based Polysaccharide Aerogels Microparticles for Drug Delivery: Preparation, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation. Gels. 2025; 11(10):775. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11100775

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alnaief, Mohammad, Balsam Mohammad, Ibrahem Altarawneh, Dema Alkhatib, Zayed Al-Hamamre, Hadeia Mashaqbeh, Khalid Bani-Melhem, and Rana Obeidat. 2025. "Hybrid Alginate-Based Polysaccharide Aerogels Microparticles for Drug Delivery: Preparation, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation" Gels 11, no. 10: 775. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11100775

APA Style

Alnaief, M., Mohammad, B., Altarawneh, I., Alkhatib, D., Al-Hamamre, Z., Mashaqbeh, H., Bani-Melhem, K., & Obeidat, R. (2025). Hybrid Alginate-Based Polysaccharide Aerogels Microparticles for Drug Delivery: Preparation, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation. Gels, 11(10), 775. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11100775

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