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Article

Increasing Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Candida haemulonii Species Complex among All Yeast Cultures Collected by a Reference Laboratory over the Past 11 Years

by
Soraia Lopes Lima
1,
Elaine Cristina Francisco
1,
João Nóbrega de Almeida Júnior
2,
Daniel Wagner de Castro Lima Santos
1,
Fabiane Carlesse
3,
Flávio Queiroz-Telles
4,
Analy Salles de Azevedo Melo
1 and
Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
1,*
1
Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil
2
Divisão de Laboratório Central-LIM03, Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP, São Paulo 01246-100, Brazil
3
Instituto de Oncologia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
4
Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 80.060-240, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Fungi 2020, 6(3), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6030110
Submission received: 16 June 2020 / Revised: 10 July 2020 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 / Published: 15 July 2020
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Abstract

There is worldwide concern with the increasing rates of infections due to multiresistant Candida isolates reported in tertiary medical centers. We checked for historical trends in terms of prevalence rates and antifungal susceptibility of the Candida haemulonii species complex in our yeast stock culture collected during the last 11 years. The isolates were identified by sequencing the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and antifungal susceptibility tests for amphotericin B, voriconazole, fluconazole, anidulafungin, and 5-fluorocytosine were performed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) microbroth method. A total of 49 isolates were identified as Candida haemulonii sensu stricto (n = 21), followed by C. haemulonii var. vulnera (n = 15) and C. duobushaemulonii (n = 13), including 38 isolates cultured from patients with deep-seated Candida infections. The prevalence of the C. haemulonii species complex increased from 0.9% (18 isolates among 1931) in the first period (December 2008 to June 2013) to 1.7% (31 isolates among 1868) in the second period (July 2014 to December 2019) of analysis (p = 0.047). All isolates tested exhibited high minimum inhibition concentrations for amphotericin B and fluconazole, but they remained susceptible to 5-fluorocytosine and anidulafungin. We were able to demonstrate the increased isolation of the multiresistant Candida haemulonii species complex in our culture collection, where most isolates were cultured from patients with deep-seated infections.
Keywords: Candida haemulonii species complex; cryptic Candida species; candidemia; antifungal resistance; nosocomial fungal infections Candida haemulonii species complex; cryptic Candida species; candidemia; antifungal resistance; nosocomial fungal infections

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lima, S.L.; Francisco, E.C.; de Almeida Júnior, J.N.; Santos, D.W.d.C.L.; Carlesse, F.; Queiroz-Telles, F.; Melo, A.S.d.A.; Colombo, A.L. Increasing Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Candida haemulonii Species Complex among All Yeast Cultures Collected by a Reference Laboratory over the Past 11 Years. J. Fungi 2020, 6, 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6030110

AMA Style

Lima SL, Francisco EC, de Almeida Júnior JN, Santos DWdCL, Carlesse F, Queiroz-Telles F, Melo ASdA, Colombo AL. Increasing Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Candida haemulonii Species Complex among All Yeast Cultures Collected by a Reference Laboratory over the Past 11 Years. Journal of Fungi. 2020; 6(3):110. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6030110

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lima, Soraia Lopes, Elaine Cristina Francisco, João Nóbrega de Almeida Júnior, Daniel Wagner de Castro Lima Santos, Fabiane Carlesse, Flávio Queiroz-Telles, Analy Salles de Azevedo Melo, and Arnaldo Lopes Colombo. 2020. "Increasing Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Candida haemulonii Species Complex among All Yeast Cultures Collected by a Reference Laboratory over the Past 11 Years" Journal of Fungi 6, no. 3: 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6030110

APA Style

Lima, S. L., Francisco, E. C., de Almeida Júnior, J. N., Santos, D. W. d. C. L., Carlesse, F., Queiroz-Telles, F., Melo, A. S. d. A., & Colombo, A. L. (2020). Increasing Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Candida haemulonii Species Complex among All Yeast Cultures Collected by a Reference Laboratory over the Past 11 Years. Journal of Fungi, 6(3), 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6030110

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