Elevating Air Temperature May Enhance Future Epidemic Risk of the Plant Pathogen Phytophthora infestans
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Phytophthora infestans Collection and Isolation
2.2. Measurement of the Thermal-Regulated Aggressiveness of Phytophthora infestans
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Variation and Spatial Differentiation of Aggressiveness in Phytophthora infestans Populations
3.2. Impact of Local Temperature on the Thermal Biology of Phytophthora infestans
3.3. Genetic and Evolutionary Mechanisms Driving the Thermal Adaptation of Aggressiveness in Phytophthora infestans
3.4. Response of P. infestans Aggressiveness to the Change in Experimental Temperature
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Population | AUDPC (cm2) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
13 °C | 16 °C | 19 °C | 22 °C | 25 °C | Mean | |
Fuzhou | 0.66 B | 6.28 B | 15.17 C | 21.14 A | 13.27 B | 11.30 A |
Xiapu | 1.11 A | 2.23 D | 13.07 D | 16.78 BC | 11.74 B | 8.98 C |
Guangxi | 0.60 B | 3.64 C | 17.98 B | 19.31 AB | 15.07 A | 11.32 A |
Yunnan | 0.33 C | 2.14 D | 13.08 D | 17.39 BC | 7.62 C | 8.11 D |
Gansu | 0.64 B | 2.06 D | 20.23 A | 15.03 C | 13.32 B | 10.25 B |
Ningxia | 1.15 A | 7.52 A | 18.18 B | 21.69 A | 4.89 D | 10.69 AB |
Guizhou | 0.41 C | 1.99 D | 14.04 CD | 16.65 B | 12.24 B | 9.07 C |
Average | 0.70 | 3.69 | 15.96 | 18.28 | 11.16 |
Population | Tmax | Topt | Tmin | Tb |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fuzhou | 32.62 A | 22.45 B | 13.17 B | 19.45 AB |
Xiapu | 30.12 CD | 21.76 BC | 13.10 B | 17.02 BC |
Guangxi | 34.38 A | 23.92 A | 13.39 AB | 20.99 A |
Yunnan | 29.31 DE | 21.05 CD | 13.44 AB | 15.87 DE |
Gansu | 30.33 CD | 21.73 BC | 13.35 AB | 16.98 CD |
Ningxia | 27.39 E | 20.00 D | 13.29 AB | 14.10 E |
Guizhou | 31.60 C | 22.21 BC | 13.47 AB | 18.13 BC |
Average | 30.96 | 21.87 | 13.35 | 17.61 |
Population | Phenotypic Variance | P | H | P:H |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fuzhou | 61.48 | 0.54 | 0.18 | 2.92 |
Xiapu | 45.70 | 0.73 | 0.01 | 58.96 |
Guangxi | 72.02 | 0.55 | 0.09 | 6.41 |
Yunnan | 50.21 | 0.41 | 0.00 | - |
Gansu | 70.39 | 0.62 | 0.07 | 8.93 |
Ningxia | 76.01 | 0.56 | 0.26 | 2.14 |
Guizhou | 52.29 | 0.44 | 0.09 | 4.75 |
Average | 61.16 | 0.55 | 0.10 | 14.02 |
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Wu, E.-J.; Wang, Y.-P.; Yang, L.-N.; Zhao, M.-Z.; Zhan, J. Elevating Air Temperature May Enhance Future Epidemic Risk of the Plant Pathogen Phytophthora infestans. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080808
Wu E-J, Wang Y-P, Yang L-N, Zhao M-Z, Zhan J. Elevating Air Temperature May Enhance Future Epidemic Risk of the Plant Pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(8):808. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080808
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, E-Jiao, Yan-Ping Wang, Li-Na Yang, Mi-Zhen Zhao, and Jiasui Zhan. 2022. "Elevating Air Temperature May Enhance Future Epidemic Risk of the Plant Pathogen Phytophthora infestans" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 8: 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080808