Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Four New Species of Gnomoniopsis (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) from China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Isolation and Morphology
2.2. DNA Extraction and Amplification
2.3. Phylogenetic Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Phylogenetic Analyses
3.2. Taxonomy
3.2.1. Gnomoniopsis diaoluoshanensis S. Wang, Z.X. Zhang, X.Y. Liu and X.G. Zhang, sp. nov.
3.2.2. Gnomoniopsis lithocarpi S. Wang, Z.X. Zhang, X.Y. Liu and X.G. Zhang, sp. nov.
3.2.3. Gnomoniopsis mengyinensis S. Wang, Z.X. Zhang, X.Y. Liu and X.G. Zhang, sp. nov.
3.2.4. Gnomoniopsis yunnanensis S. Wang, Z.X. Zhang, X.Y. Liu and X.G. Zhang, sp. nov.
3.3. Key to the Species of Gnomoniopsis
1. Sexual morph known------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 |
1. Sexual morph unknown-------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 |
2. Asci cylindrical--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 |
2. Asci fusiform-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 |
3. Ascospores size 10.0–13.0 × 2.0–3.0 μm---------------------------------------------G. chamaemori |
3. Ascospores size 4.0–12.0 × 1.0–3.0 μm----------------------------------------------G. smithogilvyi |
4. Perithecia without stroma-------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 |
4. Perithecia with stroma-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 |
5. Perithecia immersed--------------------------------------------------------------------G. sanguisorbae |
5. Perithecia superficies-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 |
6. Perithecia size 110.0–150.0 × 120.0–140.0 μm-----------------------------------G. clavulata |
6. Perithecia size 139.0–180.0 × 156.0–241.0 μm-----------------------------G. paraclavulata |
7. Ascospores aseptate--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 |
7. Ascospores septate--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 |
8. Perithecia groups----------------------------------------------------------------------------G. racemula |
8. Perithecia solitary-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 |
9. Ascospores size 6.0–10.0 × 1.5–3.0 μm----------------------------------------------G. tormentillae |
9. Ascospores size 7.0–8.0 × 1.8–2.2 μm-------------------------------------------------G. agrimoniae |
10. Perithecia surfaced on the host---------------------------------------------------------------------11 |
10. Perithecia immersed in the host--------------------------------------------------------------------12 |
11. Perithecia size 280.0–375.0 × 327.0–490.0 μm----------------------------------G. alderdunensis |
11. Perithecia size 112–330.0 × 125–500.0 μm-----------------------------------------------G. comari |
12. Perithecia immersed in stem------------------------------------------------------------------------13 |
12. Perithecia immersed in leaves----------------------------------------------------------------------14 |
13. Asci size 30.0–48.5 × 5.0–10.0-------------------------------------------------------------G. idaeicola |
13. Asci size 30.0–38.0 × 4.0–8.5--------------------------------------------------------------G. macounii |
14. Perithecia aggregated 2–4----------------------------------------------------------------G. guttulata |
14. Perithecia solitary--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 |
15. Perithecia size 150.0–475.0 × 200.0–475.0 μm----------------------------------------G. fragariae |
15. Perithecia size 129.0–340.0 × 147.0–428.0 μm-------------------------------------------G. occulta |
16. Conidiogenous cells guttulate----------------------------------------------------------------------17 |
16. Conidiogenous cells no guttulate------------------------------------------------------------------24 |
17. Conidia base circular--------------------------------------------------------G. lithocarpi sp. nov. |
17. Conidia base truncate---------------------------------------------------------------------------------18 |
18. Conidia ellipsoid or cylindrical---------------------------------------------------------------------19 |
18. Conidia oval or fusoid--------------------------------------------------------------------------------20 |
19. Conidiogenous cells size 8.0–12.0 × 1.0–2.0 μm-------------G. diaoluoshanensis sp. nov. |
19. Conidiogenous cells size 12.5–24.0 × 1.5–3.0 μm---------------------------G. guangdongensis |
20. Conidia 1-septate-------------------------------------------------------------------------G. rossmaniae |
20. Conidia aseptate----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21 |
21. Conidia maximum length < 6.0 μm----------------------------------------------------------------22 |
21. Conidia maximum length > 6.0 μm----------------------------------------------------------------23 |
22. Conidiogenous cells 6.5–13.0 × 1.5–3.0 μm--------------------------------------G. castanopsidis |
22. Conidiogenous cells 7.0–15.0 × 1.5–2.5 μm--------------------------------------------G. silvicola |
23. Conidiogenous cells 16.0–33.5 × 2.0–5.0--------------------------------------------G. fagacearum |
23. Conidiogenous cells 16.5–26.0 × 2.5–4.5-------------------------------------------G. hainanensis |
24. Conidiogenous cells one-celled---------------------------------------------------------------------25 |
24. Conidiogenous cells multi-celled------------------------------------------------------------------26 |
25. Conidia 1-septate---------------------------------------------------------------------------G. chinensis |
25. Conidia aseptate-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------G. daii |
26. Conidiogenous cells branched-------------------------------------------------------G. xunwuensis |
26. Conidiogenous cells unbranched------------------------------------------------------------------27 |
27. Conidia maximum length < 10.0 μm--------------------------------------------------------------28 |
27. Conidia maximum length > 10.0 μm--------------------------------------------------------------29 |
28. Conidia oval to fusoid--------------------------------------------------G. mengyinensis sp. nov. |
28. Conidia oblong to ellipsoid---------------------------------------------G. yunnanensis sp. nov. |
29. Conidia subcylindrical------------------------------------------------------------------G. angolensis |
29. Conidia fusoid-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------G. rosae |
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Loci | PCR Primers | Sequence (5′—3′) | PCR Cycles | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITS | ITS5 ITS4 | GGA AGT AAA AGT CGT AAC AAG G TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC | (95 °C: 30 s, 55 °C: 30 s, 72 °C: 1 min) × 35 cycles | [23] |
tef1 | EF1-728F EF-2 | CAT CGA GAA GTT CGA GAA GG GGA RGT ACC AGT SAT CAT GTT | (95 °C: 30 s, 48 °C: 30 s, 72 °C: 1 min) × 35 cycles | [24,25] |
tub2 | Bt-2a Bt-2b | GGT AAC CAA ATC GGT GCT GCT TTC ACC CTC AGT GTA GTG ACC CTT GGC | (95 °C: 30 s, 53 °C: 30 s, 72 °C: 1 min) × 35 cycles | [26] |
Species | Voucher | Host | Country | GenBank Accession Number | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ITS | tef1 | tub2 | ||||
Gnomoniopsis alderdunensis | CBS 125680 * | Rubus parviflorus (Rosaeace) | USA | GU320825 | GU320801 | GU320787 |
CBS 125681 | Rubus parviflorus (Rosaeace) | USA | GU320827 | GU320802 | GU320789 | |
G. castanopsidis | CFCC 54437 * | Castanopsis hystrix (Fagaceae) | China | MZ902909 | MZ936385 | – |
CFCC 54438 | Castanopsis hystrix (Fagaceae) | China | MZ902910 | MZ936386 | – | |
G. chamaemori | CBS 804.79 | Rubus chamaemorus (Rosaeace) | Finland | GU320817 | GU320809 | GU320777 |
G. chinensis | CFCC 52286 * | Castanea mollissima (Fagaceae) | China | MG866032 | MH545370 | MH545366 |
CFCC 52288 | Castanea mollissima (Fagaceae) | China | MG866034 | MH545372 | MH545368 | |
CFCC 52287 | Castanea mollissima (Fagaceae) | China | MG866033 | MH545371 | MH545367 | |
G. clavulata | CBS 121255 | Quercus falcata (Fagaceae) | USA | EU254818 | EU221934 | EU219211 |
G. comari | CBS 806.79 | Oryza sativa (Rosaeace) | UK | EU254821 | GU320810 | EU219156 |
G. daii | CFCC 54043 * | Castanea mollissima (Fagaceae) | China | MZ902911 | MZ936387 | MZ936403 |
CFCC 55517 | Castanea mollissima (Fagaceae) | China | MN598671 | MN605517 | MN605519 | |
G. diaoluoshanensis | SAUCC DL0963 * | Castanopsis chinensis (Fagaceae) | China | ON753744 | ON759769 | ON759777 |
SAUCC DL0964 | Castanopsis chinensis (Fagaceae) | China | ON753743 | ON759768 | ON759776 | |
SAUCC DL0961 | Castanopsis chinensis (Fagaceae) | China | ON753745 | ON759770 | ON759778 | |
G. fagacearum | CFCC 54316 * | Lithocarpus glaber (Fagaceae) | China | MZ902916 | MZ936392 | MZ936408 |
CFCC 54288 | Castanopsis faberi (Fagaceae) | China | MZ902913 | MZ936389 | MZ936405 | |
G. fragariae = G. fructicola | CBS 208.34 | Fragaria sp. (Rosaeace) | USA | EU254826 | EU221968 | EU219149 |
CBS 121226 | Fragaria vesca (Rosaeace) | USA | EU254824 | EU221961 | EU219144 | |
G. guangdongensis | CFCC 54443 * | Castanopsis fargesii (Fagaceae) | China | MZ902918 | MZ936394 | MZ936410 |
CFCC 54331 | Castanopsis fargesii (Fagaceae) | China | MZ902919 | MZ936395 | MZ936411 | |
G. guttulata | MS 0312 | Agrimonia eupatoria (Rosaeace) | Bulgaria | EU254812 | – | – |
G. hainanensis | CFCC 54376 * | Castanopsis hainanensis (Fagaceae) | China | MZ902921 | MZ936397 | MZ936413 |
CFCC 55877 | Castanopsis hainanensis (Fagaceae) | China | MZ902922 | MZ936398 | MZ936414 | |
G. idaeicola | CBS 125672 | Rubus sp. (Rosaeace) | USA | GU320823 | GU320797 | GU320781 |
CBS 125673 | Rubus pedatus (Rosaeace) | USA | GU320824 | GU320798 | GU320782 | |
CBS 125674 | Rubus sp. (Rosaeace) | France | GU320820 | GU320796 | GU320780 | |
G. lithocarpi | SAUCC YN0743 * | Lithocarpus fohaiensis (Fagaceae) | China | ON753749 | ON759765 | ON759783 |
SAUCC YN0742 | Lithocarpus fohaiensis (Fagaceae) | China | ON753750 | ON759764 | ON759782 | |
G. macounii | CBS 121468 | Spiraea sp. (Rosaeace) | USA | EU254762 | EU221979 | EU219126 |
G. mengyinensis | SAUCC MY0293 * | Castanea mollissima (Fagaceae) | China | ON753741 | ON759766 | ON759774 |
SAUCC MY0296 | Castanea mollissima (Fagaceae) | China | ON753742 | ON759767 | ON759775 | |
G. occulta | CBS 125677 | Potentilla sp. (Rosaeace) | USA | GU320828 | GU320812 | GU320785 |
CBS 125678 | Potentilla sp. (Rosaeace) | USA | GU320829 | GU320800 | GU320786 | |
G. paraclavulata | CBS 123202 | Agrostis sp. (Fagaceae) | USA | GU320830 | GU320815 | GU320775 |
G. racemula | CBS 121469 * | Triticum aestivum (Onagraceae) | USA | EU254841 | EU221889 | EU219125 |
G. rossmaniae | CFCC 54307 * | Castanopsis hainanensis (Fagaceae) | China | MZ902923 | MZ936399 | MZ936415 |
CFCC 55876 | Castanopsis hainanensis (Fagaceae) | China | MZ902924 | MZ936400 | MZ936416 | |
G. sanguisorbae | CBS 858.79 | Sanguisorba minor (Rosaeace) | Switzerland | GU320818 | GU320805 | GU320790 |
G. silvicola | CFCC 54304 | Castanopsis hystrix (Fagaceae) | China | MZ902925 | MZ936401 | MZ936417 |
CFCC 54418 * | Quercus serrata (Fagaceae) | China | MZ902926 | MZ936402 | MZ936418 | |
G. smithogilvyi | CBS 130190 * | Castanea sp. (Fagaceae) | Australia | JQ910642 | JQ910645 | JQ910639 |
CBS 130189 | Castanea sp. (Fagaceae) | Australia | JQ910644 | JQ910647 | JQ910641 | |
G. tormentillae | CBS 904.79 | Potentilla sp. (Rosaeace) | Switzerland | EU254856 | GU320795 | EU219165 |
G. xunwuensis | CFCC 53115 * | Castanopsis fissa (Fagaceae) | China | MK432667 | MK578141 | MK578067 |
CFCC 53116 | Castanopsis fissa (Fagaceae) | China | MK432668 | MK578142 | MK578068 | |
G.yunnanensis | SAUCC YN1659 * | Castanea mollissima (Fagaceae) | China | ON753746 | ON759771 | ON759779 |
SAUCC YN1657 | Castanea mollissima (Fagaceae) | China | ON753747 | ON759772 | ON759780 | |
SAUCC YN1641 | Castanea mollissima (Fagaceae) | China | ON753748 | ON759773 | ON759781 | |
Melanconis stilbostoma | CBS 109778 | Betula pendula (Betulaceae) | Australia | DQ323524 | EU221886 | EU219104 |
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Wang, S.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, R.; Liu, S.; Liu, X.; Zhang, X. Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Four New Species of Gnomoniopsis (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) from China. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 770. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080770
Wang S, Zhang Z, Liu R, Liu S, Liu X, Zhang X. Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Four New Species of Gnomoniopsis (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) from China. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(8):770. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080770
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Shi, Zhaoxue Zhang, Rongyu Liu, Shubin Liu, Xiaoyong Liu, and Xiuguo Zhang. 2022. "Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Four New Species of Gnomoniopsis (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) from China" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 8: 770. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080770