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Article

Metabolic Plasticity of Candida albicans in Response to Different Environmental Conditions

by
Mariana Gallo
,
Laura Giovati
,
Walter Magliani
,
Thelma A. Pertinhez
*,
Stefania Conti
*,
Elena Ferrari
,
Alberto Spisni
and
Tecla Ciociola
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Fungi 2022, 8(7), 723; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070723
Submission received: 19 April 2022 / Revised: 7 July 2022 / Accepted: 9 July 2022 / Published: 12 July 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Fungal Cell Biology, Metabolism and Physiology)
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Abstract

The ubiquitous commensal Candida albicans, part of the human microbiota, is an opportunistic pathogen able to cause a wide range of diseases, from cutaneous mycoses to life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. Candida albicans adapts to different environments and survives long-time starvation. The ability to switch from yeast to hyphal morphology under specific environmental conditions is associated with its virulence. Using hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we profiled the intracellular and extracellular metabolome of C. albicans kept in water, yeast extract–peptone–dextrose (YPD), and M199 media, at selected temperatures. Experiments were carried out in hypoxia to mimic a condition present in most colonized niches and fungal infection sites. Comparison of the intracellular metabolites measured in YPD and M199 at 37 °C highlighted differences in specific metabolic pathways: (i) alanine, aspartate, glutamate metabolism, (ii) arginine and proline metabolism, (iii) glycerolipid metabolism, attributable to the diverse composition of the media. Moreover, we hypothesized that the subtle differences in the M199 metabolome, observed at 30 °C and 37 °C, are suggestive of modifications propaedeutic to a subsequent transition from yeast to hyphal form. The analysis of the metabolites’ profiles of C. albicans allows envisaging a molecular model to better describe its ability to sense and adapt to environmental conditions.
Keywords: Candida albicans; fungal adaptability; morphological transition; metabolomics; NMR spectroscopy; yeast-to-hypha transition Candida albicans; fungal adaptability; morphological transition; metabolomics; NMR spectroscopy; yeast-to-hypha transition

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gallo, M.; Giovati, L.; Magliani, W.; Pertinhez, T.A.; Conti, S.; Ferrari, E.; Spisni, A.; Ciociola, T. Metabolic Plasticity of Candida albicans in Response to Different Environmental Conditions. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 723. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070723

AMA Style

Gallo M, Giovati L, Magliani W, Pertinhez TA, Conti S, Ferrari E, Spisni A, Ciociola T. Metabolic Plasticity of Candida albicans in Response to Different Environmental Conditions. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(7):723. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070723

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gallo, Mariana, Laura Giovati, Walter Magliani, Thelma A. Pertinhez, Stefania Conti, Elena Ferrari, Alberto Spisni, and Tecla Ciociola. 2022. "Metabolic Plasticity of Candida albicans in Response to Different Environmental Conditions" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 7: 723. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070723

APA Style

Gallo, M., Giovati, L., Magliani, W., Pertinhez, T. A., Conti, S., Ferrari, E., Spisni, A., & Ciociola, T. (2022). Metabolic Plasticity of Candida albicans in Response to Different Environmental Conditions. Journal of Fungi, 8(7), 723. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070723

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