The Plant Salicylic Acid Signalling Pathway Regulates the Infection of a Biotrophic Pathogen in Grasses Associated with an Epichloë Endophyte
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Plant and Fungal Materials
2.2. Measurement Protocols
2.2.1. Determination of Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid Hormone Concentrations
2.2.2. Disease Investigation
2.2.3. Determination of Plant Growth
2.3. Characterisation of Plant Transcriptomes
2.3.1. Plant RNA Extraction and Library Preparation
2.3.2. Plant Transcriptome Assembly, Annotation, Calculation of Gene Expression Values and Identification of Genes Associated with Plant Defences
2.3.3. Validation of RNA-Seq Data
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. SA and JA Content
3.2. Pathogen Disease Incidence and Severity on Plants
3.3. Plant Growth Parameters
3.4. Characterisation of Plant DEGs Associated with Defence Responses
3.5. Expression of Genes Associated with SA and JA Signalling Pathways
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Response Variable | Treatment | df | F or t-Value | p-Value | E− | E+ | E− | E+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P− | P+ | |||||||
Salicylic acid (ng g−1 DW) (n = 3–4) | Symbiosis | 1,10 | 53.52 | <0.001 | - | - | - | - |
Pathogen | 1,10 | 21.78 | <0.001 | |||||
Symbiosis × Pathogen | 1,10 | 6.49 | 0.028 | |||||
Jasmonic acid (ng g−1 DW) (n = 3–4) | Symbiosis | 1,10 | 172.56 | <0.001 | - | - | - | - |
Pathogen | 1,10 | 2.28 | 0.161 | |||||
Symbiosis × Pathogen | 1,10 | 12.77 | 0.005 | |||||
Leaf fresh weight (g) (n = 9) | Symbiosis | 1,32 | 110.45 | <0.001 | - | - | - | - |
Pathogen | 1,32 | 41.78 | <0.001 | |||||
Symbiosis × Pathogen | 1,32 | 15.10 | <0.001 | |||||
Leaf dry weight (g) (n = 9) | Symbiosis | 1,32 | 192.53 | <0.001 | - | - | - | - |
Pathogen | 1,32 | 36.53 | <0.001 | |||||
Symbiosis × Pathogen | 1,32 | 0.59 | 0.449 | |||||
Plant height (# plant −1) (n = 9) | Symbiosis | 1,32 | 1.69 | 0.100 | 39.11 ± 0.28a | 39.81 ± 0.23a | 37.38 ± 0.23b | 37.97 ± 0.22b |
Pathogen | 1,32 | 5.27 | <0.001 | |||||
Symbiosis × Pathogen | 1,32 | 0.23 | 0.822 | |||||
Tillers number (# plant −1) (n = 9) | Symbiosis | 1,32 | 1.09 | 0.304 | 10.33 ± 0.33a | 10.88 ± 0.26a | 09.77 ± 0.36b | 09.88 ± 0.30b |
Pathogen | 1,32 | 5.93 | 0.020 | |||||
Symbiosis × Pathogen | 1,32 | 0.48 | 0.491 |
Response Variable | Treatments | df | F | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Disease incidence on plant leaves (%) | Symbiosis | 1,16 | 48.85 | <0.001 |
Time | 1,32 | 80.48 | <0.001 | |
Symbiosis ×Time | 1,32 | 0.01 | 0.985 | |
Disease severity on plant leaves (%) | Symbiosis | 1,16 | 59.25 | <0.001 |
Time | 1,32 | 144.14 | <0.001 | |
Symbiosis ×Time | 1,32 | 0.148 | 0.862 |
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Kou, M.-Z.; Bastías, D.A.; Christensen, M.J.; Zhong, R.; Nan, Z.-B.; Zhang, X.-X. The Plant Salicylic Acid Signalling Pathway Regulates the Infection of a Biotrophic Pathogen in Grasses Associated with an Epichloë Endophyte. J. Fungi 2021, 7, 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7080633
Kou M-Z, Bastías DA, Christensen MJ, Zhong R, Nan Z-B, Zhang X-X. The Plant Salicylic Acid Signalling Pathway Regulates the Infection of a Biotrophic Pathogen in Grasses Associated with an Epichloë Endophyte. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7(8):633. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7080633
Chicago/Turabian StyleKou, Ming-Zhu, Daniel A. Bastías, Michael J. Christensen, Rui Zhong, Zhi-Biao Nan, and Xing-Xu Zhang. 2021. "The Plant Salicylic Acid Signalling Pathway Regulates the Infection of a Biotrophic Pathogen in Grasses Associated with an Epichloë Endophyte" Journal of Fungi 7, no. 8: 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7080633