Identification and Characterization of Leaf-Inhabiting Fungi from Castanea Plantations in China
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Field Sampling and Isolation
2.2. Morphological Identification and Characterization
2.3. DNA Extraction, Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis
3. Results
Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Species | Phogeny | Morphology |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ascomycota | Dothideomycetes | Botryosphaeriales | Aplosporellaceae | Aplosporella prunicola | Figure A1 | NA |
Botryosphaeriaceae | Botryosphaeria dothidea | Figure A2 | Figure 2 | |||
Phyllostictaceae | Phyllosticta capitalensis | Figure A3 | Figure 3 and Figure 4 | |||
Dothideales | Saccotheciaceae | Aureobasidium castaneae | Figure 5 | Figure 6 | ||
Pleosporales | Didymellaceae | Didymella coffeae-arabicae | Figure A4 | Figure 7 | ||
Sordariomycetes | Amphisphaeriales | Apiosporaceae | Arthrinium arundinis | Figure A5 | NA | |
Sporocadaceae | Bartalinia pini | Figure A6 | Figure 8 | |||
Discosia castaneae | Figure 9 | Figure 10 | ||||
Monochaetia castaneae | Figure 11 | Figure 12 | ||||
Neopestalotiopsis asiatica | Figure 13 | Figure 14 | ||||
Neopestalotiopsis brasiliensis | Figure 13 | Figure 15 | ||||
Neopestalotiopsis sichuanensis | Figure 13 | Figure 16 | ||||
Neopestalotiopsis sp.1 | Figure 13 | Figure 17 | ||||
Neopestalotiopsis sp.2 | Figure 13 | Figure 18 | ||||
Pestalotiopsis kenyana | Figure A7 | Figure 19 | ||||
Robillarda sessilis | Figure A8 | Figure 20 | ||||
Diaporthales | Diaporthaceae | Diaporthe lithocarpi | Figure A9 | Figure 21 | ||
Gnomoniaceae | Gnomoniopsis daii | Figure A10 | Figure 22 | |||
Pyrisporaceae | Pyrispora castaneae | Figure 23 | Figure 24 and Figure 25 | |||
Schizoparmaceae | Coniella castaneicola | Figure A11 | Figure 26 | |||
Tubakiaceae | Tubakia dryinoides | Figure A12 | Figure 27 | |||
Glomerellales | Glomerellaceae | Colletotrichum fructicola | Figure A13 | NA | ||
Colletotrichum henanense | Figure A13 | NA | ||||
Colletotrichum jiangxiense | Figure A13 | NA | ||||
Colletotrichum karsti | Figure A14 | NA | ||||
Colletotrichum nymphaeae | Figure A15 | NA |
3.1. Aplosporella Speg.
3.2. Botryosphaeria Ces. & De Not.
3.3. Phyllosticta Pers.
3.4. Aureobasidium Viala & G. Boyer
3.5. Didymella Sacc.
3.6. Arthrinium Kunze
3.7. Bartalinia Tassi
3.8. Discosia Lib. ex Durieu & Mont.
3.9. Monochaetia (Sacc.) Allesch.
3.10. Neopestalotiopsis Maharachch., K.D. Hyde & Crous
3.10.1. Neopestalotiopsis brasiliensis
3.10.2. Neopestalotiopsis sichuanensis
3.10.3. Neopestalotiopsis sp.1
3.10.4. Neopestalotiopsis sp.2
3.11. Pestalotiopsis Steyaert
3.12. Robillarda Sacc.
3.13. Diaporthe Nitschke
3.14. Gnomoniopsis Berl.
3.15. Pyrisporaceae C.M. Tian & N. Jiang
3.15.1. Pyrisporaceae C.M. Tian & N. Jiang, fam. nov.
3.15.2. Pyrispora C.M. Tian & N. Jiang, gen. nov.
3.15.3. Pyrispora castaneae C.M. Tian & N. Jiang, sp. nov.
3.16. Coniella Höhn
3.17. Tubakia B. Sutton
3.18. Colletotrichum Corda
3.18.1. Colletotrichum fructicola
3.18.2. Colletotrichum henanense
3.18.3. Colletotrichum jiangxiense
3.18.4. Colletotrichum karsti You L. Yang, Zuo Y. Liu, K.D. Hyde & L. Cai, Cryptog. Mycol. 32(3): 241 (2011)
3.18.5. Colletotrichum nymphaeae (Pass.) Aa, Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, Supplement 1 84(3): 110 (1978)
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Genera | ITS [16] | LSU [16] | act [17] | cal [17] | chs-1 [17] | gapdh [18,19] | his3 [20,21] | rpb2 [22] | tef1 [17] | tub2 [20] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aplosporella | ITS1/ITS4 | EF1-688F/EF1-1251R | ||||||||
Arthrinium | ITS1/ITS4 | |||||||||
Aureobasidium | ITS1/ITS4 | LR0R/LR5 | ||||||||
Bartalinia pini | ITS1/ITS4 | LR0R/LR5 | ||||||||
Botryosphaeria | ITS1/ITS4 | EF1-688F/EF1-1251R | TI/BT2B | |||||||
Colletotrichum | ITS1/ITS4 | ACT-512F/ACT-783R | CHS-79F/CHS-345R | GDF/GDR | TI/BT2B | |||||
Coniella | ITS1/ITS4 | EF1-688F/EF1-1251R | ||||||||
Diaporthe | ITS1/ITS4 | CAL-228F/CAL-737R | CYLH4F/H3-1b | EF1-688F/EF1-1251R | TI/BT2B | |||||
Didymella | ITS1/ITS4 | LR0R/LR5 | RPB2-5F2/RPB2-7CR | TI/BT2B | ||||||
Discosia | ITS1/ITS4 | LR0R/LR5 | TI/BT2B | |||||||
Gnomoniopsis | ITS1/ITS4 | EF1-688F/EF1-1251R | TI/BT2B | |||||||
Monochaetia | ITS1/ITS4 | LR0R/LR5 | RPB2-5F2/RPB2-7CR | EF1-688F/EF1-1252R | TI/BT2B | |||||
Neopestalotiopsis | ITS1/ITS4 | EF1-688F/EF1-1253R | TI/BT2B | |||||||
Pestalotiopsis | ITS1/ITS4 | EF1-688F/EF1-1254R | TI/BT2B | |||||||
Phyllosticta | ITS1/ITS4 | ACT-512F/ACT-783R | Gpd1-LM/Gpd2-LM | |||||||
Pyrispora | ITS1/ITS4 | LR0R/LR5 | RPB2-5F2/RPB2-7CR | EF1-688F/EF1-1254R | ||||||
Robillarda | ITS1/ITS4 | LR0R/LR5 | RPB2-5F2/RPB2-7CR | EF1-688F/EF1-1255R | TI/BT2B | |||||
Tubakia | ITS1/ITS4 | EF1-688F/EF1-1256R | TI/BT2B |
Species | Isolates | GenBank Accession No. | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ITS | LSU | act | cal | chs-1 | gapdh | his3 | rpb2 | tef1 | tub2 | ||
Aplosporella prunicola | CFCC 54334 = SM18B | MW350059 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW381858 | NA |
Aplosporella prunicola | SM18B-1 | MW350060 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW381859 | NA |
Arthrinium arundinis | XT18-1 | MW364286 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Aureobasidium castaneae sp. nov. | CFCC 54591 = JJ7-3 | MW364284 | MW364275 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Bartalinia pini | CFCC 54574 = JJ4 | MW364285 | MW364276 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Botryosphaeria dothidea | JJ2B | MW350061 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW381860 | MW381864 |
Botryosphaeria dothidea | CFCC 54576 = JJ12 | MW350062 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW381861 | MW381865 |
Botryosphaeria dothidea | JJ14 | MW350063 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW381862 | MW381866 |
Botryosphaeria dothidea | JJ27-1 | MW350064 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW381863 | MW381867 |
Colletotrichum fructicola | SM6 | MW217249 | NA | MW227352 | NA | MW227370 | MW381824 | NA | NA | NA | MW227388 |
Colletotrichum fructicola | SM9 | MW217250 | NA | MW227353 | NA | MW227371 | MW381825 | NA | NA | NA | MW227389 |
Colletotrichum fructicola | CFCC 54363 = SM13 | MW217251 | NA | MW227354 | NA | MW227372 | MW381826 | NA | NA | NA | MW227390 |
Colletotrichum fructicola | SM16 | MW217252 | NA | MW227355 | NA | MW227373 | MW381827 | NA | NA | NA | MW227391 |
Colletotrichum fructicola | SM30 | MW217253 | NA | MW227356 | NA | MW227374 | MW381828 | NA | NA | NA | MW227392 |
Colletotrichum fructicola | SM31 | MW217254 | NA | MW227357 | NA | MW227375 | MW381829 | NA | NA | NA | MW227393 |
Colletotrichum henanense | CFCC 54364 = SM12 | MW217255 | NA | MW227358 | NA | MW227376 | MW381830 | NA | NA | NA | MW227394 |
Colletotrichum henanense | SM22 | MW217256 | NA | MW227359 | NA | MW227377 | MW381831 | NA | NA | NA | MW227395 |
Colletotrichum henanense | SM33 | MW217257 | NA | MW227360 | NA | MW227378 | MW381832 | NA | NA | NA | MW227396 |
Colletotrichum henanense | ZX2-1 | MW217258 | NA | MW227361 | NA | MW227379 | MW381833 | NA | NA | NA | MW227397 |
Colletotrichum jiangxiense | SM21 | MW217259 | NA | MW227362 | NA | MW227380 | MW381834 | NA | NA | NA | MW227398 |
Colletotrichum jiangxiense | CFCC 54362 = ZX10-1 | MW217260 | NA | MW227363 | NA | MW227381 | MW381835 | NA | NA | NA | MW227399 |
Colletotrichum jiangxiense | ZY12B | MW217261 | NA | MW227364 | NA | MW227382 | MW381836 | NA | NA | NA | MW227400 |
Colletotrichum jiangxiense | ZY12 | MW217262 | NA | MW227365 | NA | MW227383 | MW381837 | NA | NA | NA | MW227401 |
Colletotrichum karsti | CFCC 54365 = ZY3B | MW217263 | NA | MW227366 | NA | MW227384 | MW381838 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Colletotrichum karsti | ZY3B-1 | MW217264 | NA | MW227367 | NA | MW227385 | MW381839 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Colletotrichum nymphaeae | CFCC 54366 = SM26 | MW217265 | NA | MW227368 | NA | MW227386 | MW381840 | NA | NA | NA | MW227402 |
Colletotrichum nymphaeae | SM26-1 | MW217266 | NA | MW227369 | NA | MW227387 | MW381841 | NA | NA | NA | MW227403 |
Coniella castaneicola | CFCC 54344 = ZY7-1 | MW208111 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW227343 | NA |
Coniella castaneicola | ZY7-2 | MW208112 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW227344 | NA |
Diaporthe lithocarpi | CFCC 54573 = JJ3 | MW364281 | NA | NA | MW381842 | NA | NA | MW381845 | NA | MW381848 | MW381851 |
Diaporthe lithocarpi | JJ3-2 | MW364282 | NA | NA | MW381843 | NA | NA | MW381846 | NA | MW381849 | MW381852 |
Diaporthe lithocarpi | JJ26B | MW364283 | NA | NA | MW381844 | NA | NA | MW381847 | NA | MW381850 | MW381853 |
Didymella coffeae-arabicae | CFCC 54343 = SM24 | MW364357 | MW364277 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW381854 | NA | MW381856 |
Didymella coffeae-arabicae | SM24B | MW364358 | MW364278 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW381855 | NA | MW381857 |
Discosia castaneae sp. nov. | CFCC 54088 = CML1 | MN842798 | MN842796 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MN864778 | |
Discosia castaneae sp. nov. | CML2 | MN842799 | MN842797 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MN864779 | |
Gnomoniopsis daii | CFCC 54345 = ZY11 | MW208113 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW227345 | MW218543 |
Gnomoniopsis daii | ZY10-1 | MW208114 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW227346 | MW218544 |
Gnomoniopsis daii | ZY10-3 | MW208115 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW227347 | MW218545 |
Gnomoniopsis daii | ZY12A | MW208116 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW227348 | MW218546 |
Gnomoniopsis daii | ZX14-1 | MW208117 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW227349 | MW218547 |
Monochaetia castaneae sp. nov. | CFCC 54354 = SM9-1 | MW166222 | MW166263 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199737 | MW199741 | MW218515 |
Monochaetia castaneae sp. nov. | SM9-2 | MW166223 | MW166264 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199738 | MW199742 | MW218516 |
Neopestalotiopsis asiatica | CFCC 54339 = SM32 | MW166224 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199743 | MW218517 |
Neopestalotiopsis asiatica | SM7 | MW166225 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199744 | MW218518 |
Neopestalotiopsis asiatica | SM8B | MW166226 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199745 | MW218519 |
Neopestalotiopsis asiatica | SM11 | MW166227 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199746 | MW218520 |
Neopestalotiopsis asiatica | SM19B | MW166228 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199747 | MW218521 |
Neopestalotiopsis brasiliensis | CFCC 54341 = ZY4 | MW166229 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199748 | MW218522 |
Neopestalotiopsis brasiliensis | ZY4-2D | MW166230 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199749 | MW218523 |
Neopestalotiopsis sichuanensis sp. nov. | CFCC 54338 = SM15-1 | MW166231 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199750 | MW218524 |
Neopestalotiopsis sichuanensis sp. nov. | SM15-1C | MW166232 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199751 | MW218525 |
Neopestalotiopsis sp.1 | CFCC 54337 = ZX12A | MW166233 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199752 | MW218526 |
Neopestalotiopsis sp.1 | ZX12-1 | MW166234 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199753 | MW218527 |
Neopestalotiopsis sp.2 | CFCC 54340 = SM14 | MW166235 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199754 | MW218528 |
Neopestalotiopsis sp.2 | ZX22B | MW166236 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199755 | MW218529 |
Pestalotiopsis kenyana | CFCC 54336 = ZX11 | MW166237 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199756 | MW218530 |
Pestalotiopsis kenyana | ZX3 | MW166238 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199757 | MW218531 |
Pestalotiopsis kenyana | ZX7 | MW166239 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199758 | MW218532 |
Pestalotiopsis kenyana | ZX9 | MW166240 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199759 | MW218533 |
Pestalotiopsis kenyana | ZX18A | MW166241 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199760 | MW218534 |
Phyllosticta capitalensis | CFCC 54577 = JJ16 | MW350068 | NA | MW381868 | NA | NA | MW381879 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Phyllosticta capitalensis | JJ20 | MW350069 | NA | MW381869 | NA | NA | MW381880 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Phyllosticta capitalensis | SS07 | MW350070 | NA | MW381870 | NA | NA | MW381881 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Phyllosticta capitalensis | SS10 | MW350071 | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW381882 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Phyllosticta capitalensis | SS13 | MW350072 | NA | MW381871 | NA | NA | MW381883 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Phyllosticta capitalensis | SS15 | MW350073 | NA | MW381872 | NA | NA | MW381884 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Phyllosticta capitalensis | SS16-1 | MW350074 | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW381885 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Phyllosticta capitalensis | SS16-2 | MW350075 | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW381886 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Phyllosticta capitalensis | CFCC 54579 = XT10 | MW350076 | NA | MW381873 | NA | NA | MW381887 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Phyllosticta capitalensis | XT11 | MW350077 | NA | MW381874 | NA | NA | MW381888 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Phyllosticta capitalensis | XT16-1 | MW350078 | NA | MW381875 | NA | NA | MW381889 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Phyllosticta capitalensis | XT16-2 | MW350079 | NA | MW381876 | NA | NA | MW381890 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Phyllosticta capitalensis | XT17 | MW350080 | NA | MW381877 | NA | NA | MW381891 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Phyllosticta capitalensis | CFCC 54355 = ZX6 | MW350081 | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW381892 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Phyllosticta capitalensis | ZX11-1 | MW350082 | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW381893 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Phyllosticta capitalensis | CFCC 54356 = ZY6-1 | MW350083 | NA | MW381878 | NA | NA | MW381894 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Pyrispora castaneae sp. nov. | CFCC 54349 = SM17 | MW208108 | MW208105 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW218535 | MW227340 | NA |
Pyrispora castaneae sp. nov. | CFCC 54350 = SM20 | MW208109 | MW208106 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW218536 | MW227341 | NA |
Pyrispora castaneae sp. nov. | CFCC 54351 = SM29 | MW208110 | MW208107 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW218537 | MW227342 | NA |
Robillarda sessilis | CFCC 54353 = ZX5 | MW166242 | MW166265 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199739 | MW218550 | MW218553 |
Robillarda sessilis | ZX5-1 | MW166243 | MW166266 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW199740 | MW218551 | MW218554 |
Robillarda sessilis | ZY5 | MW218478 | MW218479 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW222613 | MW218552 | MW218555 |
Tubakia dryinoides | CFCC 54346 = SM10-1 | MW208118 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW227350 | MW218548 |
Tubakia dryinoides | SM10 | MW208119 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MW227351 | MW218549 |
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Jiang, N.; Fan, X.; Tian, C. Identification and Characterization of Leaf-Inhabiting Fungi from Castanea Plantations in China. J. Fungi 2021, 7, 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7010064
Jiang N, Fan X, Tian C. Identification and Characterization of Leaf-Inhabiting Fungi from Castanea Plantations in China. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7(1):64. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7010064
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Ning, Xinlei Fan, and Chengming Tian. 2021. "Identification and Characterization of Leaf-Inhabiting Fungi from Castanea Plantations in China" Journal of Fungi 7, no. 1: 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7010064
APA StyleJiang, N., Fan, X., & Tian, C. (2021). Identification and Characterization of Leaf-Inhabiting Fungi from Castanea Plantations in China. Journal of Fungi, 7(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7010064