Shift in Epidemiology of Cryptococcal Infections in Ottawa with High Mortality in Non-HIV Immunocompromised Patients
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Data Analysis
2.3. Ethical Approval
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age | Sex | Underlying Medical Disease | Treatment of Underlying Condition within 6 Months of Cryptococcal Diagnosis | Site of Positive Culture | Treatment of Cryptococcal Infection | Outcome Following Cryptococcal Infection | Follow-Up Time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
56 | M | HIV | Anti-retroviral therapy | CSF | Amphotericin B and fluconazole | Resolved | 129 months |
35 | F | HIV | None | CSF | None | Death | 2 days |
53 | M | HIV | None | CSF and blood | Fluconazole | Resolved | 132 months |
54 | M | HIV | None | CSF | Amphotericin B and fluconazole | Resolved | 98 months |
59 | M | HIV | Anti-retroviral therapy | Bronchial washing | Fluconazole | Resolved | 142 months |
72 | M | Acute myeloid leukemia | Azacitidine | Blood | None | Death | 9 days |
77 | M | Multiple myeloma | Melphalan and dexamethasone | Blood | None | Death | 7 days |
62 | M | Hairy cell leukemia, and cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis B | None | Blood | Amphotericin B and fluconazole | Death | 6 days |
63 | M | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | None | Blood, CSF, Skin | Amphotericin B and fluconazole | Resolved | 32 months |
85 | M | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and bladder cancer | Prednisone 5 mg daily | BAL | Itraconazole then fluconazole | Resolved but deceased 2 years later from cancer | 33 months |
43 | M | Acute myeloid leukemia | Cytarabine and idarubicin (1 cycle) | Sputum | Amphotericin B, and fluconazole | Resolved | 33 months |
84 | M | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | No documentation | Blood | None | Death | 7 days |
72 | M | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | Chlorambucil and prednisone | Blood | Amphotericin B | Death | 18 days |
64 | M | Kidney transplantation | Prednisone, tacrolimus and mycophenolate | Blood | None | Death | 1 day |
61 | F | Kidney transplantation | Prednisone, tacrolimus and mycophenolate | Blood | Fluconazole | Death | 86 days |
70 | F | Liver and kidney transplantation | Prednisone, tacrolimus and mycophenolate | BAL | None* | Resolved | 84 months |
64 | M | Kidney transplantation | Prednisone, tacrolimus and mycophenolate | CSF | Fluconazole | Resolved | 172 months |
53 | M | Sarcoidosis | Prednisone | BAL | Fluconazole | Resolved | 99 months |
72 | F | Sjogren’s syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis | Prednisone, methotrexate, and leflunomide | BAL | Fluconazole | Resolved | 32 months |
74 | M | Sarcoidosis | Prednisone and azathioprine | Skin | Fluconazole | Resolved | 25 months |
63 | M | Lung cancer | None | BAL | None** | Death from metastatic lung cancer | 45 days |
65 | F | Papillary thyroid cancer | None | BAL | Fluconazole | Resolved | 113 months |
77 | M | Asthma | Ciclesonide, Fluticasone, and Salbutamol | BAL | Fluconazole | Resolved | 40 months |
59 | F | Asthma | Fluticasone and Salbutamol | BAL | Fluconazole | Resolved | 131 months |
73 | F | End stage renal disease | Hemodialysis | Blood | None | Death | 3 days |
53 | M | Diabetes | Insulin glargine and insulin aspart | BAL | Fluconazole | Resolved | 62 months |
73 | M | End stage renal disease | Peritoneal dialysis | Peritoneal fluid | Fluconazole | Resolved | 104 months |
73 | M | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease | Fluticasone, Salbutamol, and Tiotropium | BAL | Fluconazole | Resolved but deceased later from abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture | 22 months |
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Patel, V.; Desjardins, M.; Cowan, J. Shift in Epidemiology of Cryptococcal Infections in Ottawa with High Mortality in Non-HIV Immunocompromised Patients. J. Fungi 2019, 5, 104. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof5040104
Patel V, Desjardins M, Cowan J. Shift in Epidemiology of Cryptococcal Infections in Ottawa with High Mortality in Non-HIV Immunocompromised Patients. Journal of Fungi. 2019; 5(4):104. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof5040104
Chicago/Turabian StylePatel, Vishesh, Marc Desjardins, and Juthaporn Cowan. 2019. "Shift in Epidemiology of Cryptococcal Infections in Ottawa with High Mortality in Non-HIV Immunocompromised Patients" Journal of Fungi 5, no. 4: 104. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof5040104
APA StylePatel, V., Desjardins, M., & Cowan, J. (2019). Shift in Epidemiology of Cryptococcal Infections in Ottawa with High Mortality in Non-HIV Immunocompromised Patients. Journal of Fungi, 5(4), 104. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof5040104