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Article

Head to Head Comparison between Different 3-Dimensional Echocardiographic Rendering Tools in the Imaging of Percutaneous Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair

by
Gloria Tamborini
*,
Valentina Mantegazza
,
Anna Garlaschè
,
Manuela Muratori
,
Laura Fusini
,
Sarah Ghulam Ali
,
Claudia Cefalù
,
Gianpiero Italiano
,
Paola Gripari
,
Anna Maltagliati
,
Marco Penso
and
Mauro Pepi
Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2021, 8(7), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8070073
Submission received: 1 June 2021 / Revised: 18 June 2021 / Accepted: 22 June 2021 / Published: 24 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mitral Valve Development and Disease)
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Abstract

MitraClip (MC) is the most common percutaneous treatment for severe mitral regurgitation (MR). An accurate two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiographic (3DTEE) imaging is mandatory for the optimal procedural result. Recently transillumination 3DTEE rendering (3DTr) has been introduced integrating a virtual light source into the dataset and with the addition of glass effect (3DGl) allows to adjust tissue transparency improving depth perception and anatomical structure delineation in comparison with the standard 3DTEE (3DSt). The aim of this retrospective study in 30 patients undergoing MC, was to compare 3DSt, 3DTr, and 3DGl in mitral valve (MV) evaluation and procedural result assessment. 3DTEE acquisitions obtained before and after MC were processed with 3DSt, 3DTr, and 3DGl rendering. Each reconstruction was scored for quality and for ability to recognize MV anatomy, MR origin, clip position, dimension and grasping. Imaging quality was judged good or optimal in 52%, 76%, and 96% in 3DSt, 3DTr, and 3DGl reconstructions respectively. In 26/30 patients a diagnostic incremental value was found with 3DTr vs. 3DSt and in 15/26 with 3DGl vs. 3DTr and 3DSt. Only 3DGl with perpendicular cropping of the clip allowed to visualize and measure the grasped portion of each mitral leaflets. 3DTEE imaging during MC may be improved by 3DTr and 3DGl providing a better evaluation of MV, of leaflet grasping and of residual MR jets after MC.
Keywords: three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography; transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring; mitral valve prolapse; mitraClip procedure three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography; transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring; mitral valve prolapse; mitraClip procedure

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tamborini, G.; Mantegazza, V.; Garlaschè, A.; Muratori, M.; Fusini, L.; Ghulam Ali, S.; Cefalù, C.; Italiano, G.; Gripari, P.; Maltagliati, A.; et al. Head to Head Comparison between Different 3-Dimensional Echocardiographic Rendering Tools in the Imaging of Percutaneous Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2021, 8, 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8070073

AMA Style

Tamborini G, Mantegazza V, Garlaschè A, Muratori M, Fusini L, Ghulam Ali S, Cefalù C, Italiano G, Gripari P, Maltagliati A, et al. Head to Head Comparison between Different 3-Dimensional Echocardiographic Rendering Tools in the Imaging of Percutaneous Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. 2021; 8(7):73. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8070073

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tamborini, Gloria, Valentina Mantegazza, Anna Garlaschè, Manuela Muratori, Laura Fusini, Sarah Ghulam Ali, Claudia Cefalù, Gianpiero Italiano, Paola Gripari, Anna Maltagliati, and et al. 2021. "Head to Head Comparison between Different 3-Dimensional Echocardiographic Rendering Tools in the Imaging of Percutaneous Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair" Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 8, no. 7: 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8070073

APA Style

Tamborini, G., Mantegazza, V., Garlaschè, A., Muratori, M., Fusini, L., Ghulam Ali, S., Cefalù, C., Italiano, G., Gripari, P., Maltagliati, A., Penso, M., & Pepi, M. (2021). Head to Head Comparison between Different 3-Dimensional Echocardiographic Rendering Tools in the Imaging of Percutaneous Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 8(7), 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8070073

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