The Relationship between Modified Short Physical Performance Battery and Falls: A Cross-Sectional Study of Older Outpatients
Abstract
:1. Introduction and Background
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Subjects
2.2. Metrics
2.2.1. Sample Characteristics
2.2.2. Measuring Fall Experience
Outcome Measures—Muscle Strength
Outcome Measures—Gait Ability
2.2.3. Short Physical Performance Battery
- A balance test;
- A 4 m walk test; and
- A repeated chair stand test.
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SPPB score | Score | Balance test | Repeated chair stands | Gait speed |
0 | Impossible or cannot keep 10 s side-by-side | Impossible | Impossible | |
1 | Keep 10 s side-by-side and keep under 10 s semi-tandem | 16.70 s~ | ~0.43 m/s | |
2 | Keep 10s semi-tandem and keep 0–2 s tandem | 13.70~16.69s | 0.44~0.60 m/s | |
3 | Keep 10 s semi-tandem and keep 3–9 s tandem | 11.20~13.69 s | 0.61~0.77 m/s | |
4 | Keep 10 s tandem | ~11.19 s | 0.78 m/s~ | |
SPPB-community based score | Score | Balance test | Repeated chair stands | Gait speed |
0 | Impossible tandem | Impossible | Impossible | |
1 | Keep 0–10 s tandem | 9.70 s~ | ~1.10 m/s | |
2 | Keep tandem > 10 s | 8.15–9.69 s | 1.11–1.24 m/s | |
3 | - | 6.85–8.14 s | 1.25–1.36 m/s | |
4 | - | ~6.84 s | 1.37 m/s~ |
Total (n = 185) | Fallers (n = 73) | Non-Fallers (n = 112) | * p Value (Fallers vs. Non-Fallers) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (male) | 48 (25.9%) | 18 (24.7%) | 30 (26.8%) | 0.75 |
Age (y) | 77.6 ± 6.3 | 79.2 ± 6.2 | 76.6 ± 6.2 | 0.005 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 3.7 | 23.5 ± 3.6 | 24.1 ± 3.7 | 0.31 |
Grip strength (kg) | 20.75 (16.90–26.48) | 18.80 (16.30–23.4) | 21.90 (17.98–27.18) | 0.01 |
Knee extension strength (N/kg) | 4.12 (3.23–26.48) | 3.56 (2.93–4.53) | 4.56 (3.71–5.52) | <0.001 |
Maximum walking speed (m/s) | 1.35 ± 0.37 | 1.21 ± 0.37 | 1.44 ± 0.34 | <0.001 |
PAQ-EJ (score) | 48.32 (24.49–74.17) | 40.10 (18.68–64.19) | 51.84 (31.18–85.98) | 0.008 |
SPPB (score) | 12 (10–12) | 11 (9–12) | 12 (11–12) | <0.001 |
SPPB-com (score) | 5 (4–6) | 4 (3–6) | 6 (5–7) | <0.001 |
Fall | Cutoff Point | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | AUC (CI 95%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
SPPB | 10/11 | 84 | 47 | 0.67 (0.59–0.75) |
SPPB-com | 4/5 | 76 | 60 | 0.72 (0.65–0.80) |
Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
SPPB score | 0.76 (0.59–0.99) | 0.046 | — | — |
SPPB-com score | — | — | 0.63 (0.45–0.87) | 0.005 |
Sex | 1.01 (0.33–3.11) | 0.99 | 1.20 (0.39–3.73) | 0.75 |
Age | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) | 0.46 | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 0.49 |
Grip strength (kg) | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) | 0.62 | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) | 0.53 |
Knee extension strength (N/kg) | 0.78 (0.57–1.06) | 0.11 | 1.03 (0.95–1.10) | 0.21 |
Maximum walking speed (m/s) | 0.65 (0.16–3.19) | 0.65 | 1.12 (0.23–5.26) | 0.89 |
PAQ-EJ score | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.26 | 1.00 (0.99–1.09) | 0.21 |
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Fukui, K.; Maeda, N.; Komiya, M.; Sasadai, J.; Tashiro, T.; Yoshimi, M.; Tsutsumi, S.; Arima, S.; Kaneda, K.; Onoue, S.; et al. The Relationship between Modified Short Physical Performance Battery and Falls: A Cross-Sectional Study of Older Outpatients. Geriatrics 2021, 6, 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6040106
Fukui K, Maeda N, Komiya M, Sasadai J, Tashiro T, Yoshimi M, Tsutsumi S, Arima S, Kaneda K, Onoue S, et al. The Relationship between Modified Short Physical Performance Battery and Falls: A Cross-Sectional Study of Older Outpatients. Geriatrics. 2021; 6(4):106. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6040106
Chicago/Turabian StyleFukui, Kazuki, Noriaki Maeda, Makoto Komiya, Junpei Sasadai, Tsubasa Tashiro, Mitsuhiro Yoshimi, Shogo Tsutsumi, Satoshi Arima, Kazuki Kaneda, Satoshi Onoue, and et al. 2021. "The Relationship between Modified Short Physical Performance Battery and Falls: A Cross-Sectional Study of Older Outpatients" Geriatrics 6, no. 4: 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6040106
APA StyleFukui, K., Maeda, N., Komiya, M., Sasadai, J., Tashiro, T., Yoshimi, M., Tsutsumi, S., Arima, S., Kaneda, K., Onoue, S., Shima, T., Niitani, M., & Urabe, Y. (2021). The Relationship between Modified Short Physical Performance Battery and Falls: A Cross-Sectional Study of Older Outpatients. Geriatrics, 6(4), 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6040106