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Article

Cognitive Function and Subjective Well-Being in Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

1
Department of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
2
Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
3
Center for Health Science and Counseling, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Geriatrics 2025, 10(5), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics10050120 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 27 July 2025 / Revised: 24 August 2025 / Accepted: 4 September 2025 / Published: 6 September 2025

Abstract

Background: The relationship between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective well-being remains poorly understood. We examined associations between cognitive function and well-being domains in community-dwelling older Japanese adults with and without MCI. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 710 community-dwelling Japanese adults aged 65–75 years was carried out. Well-being was measured using the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS score ≥ 13 indicates high well-being), comprising agitation, attitude toward aging, and lonely dissatisfaction subscales. MCI was defined as a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score of 18–25. Multivariable logistic regression examined potential associations between socio-demographic and health factors. Results: Among the participants (mean age 70.0 ± 2.5 years, 49% women), 423 (59.6%) had MCI. The MCI status was not associated with overall well-being (OR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.72–1.57, p = 0.77). However, within the MCI group, each 1-point increase in the MoCA score was associated with lower agitation (OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04–1.41) but higher lonely dissatisfaction (OR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70–0.98, p = 0.02). No associations were observed in the non-MCI group. Conclusions: Cognitive function shows domain-specific rather than global associations with well-being in individuals with MCI.
Keywords: subjective well-being; mild cognitive impairment; older adult subjective well-being; mild cognitive impairment; older adult

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, B.; Chu, T.; Gong, Z.; Tian, L.; Kishimoto, H. Cognitive Function and Subjective Well-Being in Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Geriatrics 2025, 10, 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics10050120

AMA Style

Li B, Chu T, Gong Z, Tian L, Kishimoto H. Cognitive Function and Subjective Well-Being in Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Geriatrics. 2025; 10(5):120. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics10050120

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Baoxing, Tianshu Chu, Ziming Gong, Le Tian, and Hiro Kishimoto. 2025. "Cognitive Function and Subjective Well-Being in Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study" Geriatrics 10, no. 5: 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics10050120

APA Style

Li, B., Chu, T., Gong, Z., Tian, L., & Kishimoto, H. (2025). Cognitive Function and Subjective Well-Being in Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Geriatrics, 10(5), 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics10050120

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