Antimicrobial Resistance of Clinical and Commensal Escherichia coli Canine Isolates: Profile Characterization and Comparison of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Results According to Different Guidelines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Bacterial Strains
2.2. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
2.3. Biofilm Formation in the Air–Liquid Interface
2.4. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay of β-lactamases-Encoding Genes blaTEM, blaSHV and blaOXA
2.4.1. DNA Extraction
2.4.2. PCR Amplification
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
3.1.1. Determination of Multidrug-Resistant Strains
3.1.2. Measurement of the Agreement between the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Guidelines
3.2. Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and Phylogenetic Group
3.3. Biofilm Formation in the Air–Liquid Interface
3.4. Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile
3.5. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay of βlactamases-Encoding Genes blaTEM, blaSHV and blaOXA
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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β-lactamases Targeted | Sequence (5′–3′) | Product Size (bp) |
---|---|---|
TEM variants | F_CATTTCCGTGTCGCCCTTATTC | 800 |
R_CGTTCATCCATAGTTGCCTGAC | ||
SHV variants | F_AGCCGCTTGAGCAAATTAAAC | 713 |
R_ATCCCGCAGATAAATCACCAC | ||
OXA-1, OXA-4 and OXA-30 | F_GGCACCAGATTCAACTTTCAAG | 564 |
R_GACCCCAAGTTTCCTGTAAGTG |
E. coli Total Strains (n = 74) | E. coli Strains from Pyometra-Presenting Dogs (n = 33) | E. coli Commensal Strains (n = 41) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drug/Interpretation (%) | M | V | EUC | M | V | EUC | M | V | EUC | |
R | 59.5 | 59.5 | 59.5 | 51.5 | 51.5 | 51.5 | 65.9 | 65.9 | 65.9 | |
Ampicillin | I | 18.9 | 18.9 | 0.0 | 27.3 | 27.3 | 0.0 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 0.0 |
S | 21.6 | 21.6 | 40.5 | 21.2 | 21.2 | 48.5 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 34.1 | |
Amoxicillin | R | 29.7 | 29.7 | 54.1 | 21.2 | 21.2 | 51.5 | 36.6 | 36.6 | 56.1 |
clavulanic acid | I | 13.5 | 13.5 | 0.0 | 24.2 | 24.2 | 0.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 0.0 |
S | 56.8 | 56.8 | 45.9 | 54.5 | 54.5 | 48.5 | 58.5 | 58.5 | 43.9 | |
R | - | 5.4 | - | - | 0.0 | - | - | 9.8 | - | |
Enrofloxacin | I | - | 6.8 | - | - | 3.0 | - | - | 9.8 | - |
S | - | 87.8 | - | - | 97.0 | - | - | 80.5 | - | |
R | 16.2 | 16.2 | 10.8 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 15.2 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 7.3 | |
Cephalexin | I | 32.4 | 32.4 | 0.0 | 30.3 | 30.3 | 0.0 | 34.1 | 34.1 | 0.0 |
S | 51.4 | 51.4 | 89.2 | 51.5 | 51.5 | 84.8 | 51.2 | 51.2 | 92.7 | |
R | 4.1 | - | 1.4 | 3.0 | - | 0.0 | 4.9 | - | 2.4 | |
Cefotaxime | I | 0.0 | - | 1.4 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 2.4 |
S | 95.9 | - | 97.3 | 97.0 | - | 100 | 95.1 | - | 95.1 | |
Sulfamethoxazole | R | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 19.5 | 19.5 | 19.5 |
Trimethoprim | I | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
S | 87.8 | 87.8 | 87.8 | 97.0 | 97.0 | 97.0 | 80.5 | 80.5 | 80.5 |
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Fernandes, V.; Cunha, E.; Nunes, T.; Silva, E.; Tavares, L.; Mateus, L.; Oliveira, M. Antimicrobial Resistance of Clinical and Commensal Escherichia coli Canine Isolates: Profile Characterization and Comparison of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Results According to Different Guidelines. Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9060284
Fernandes V, Cunha E, Nunes T, Silva E, Tavares L, Mateus L, Oliveira M. Antimicrobial Resistance of Clinical and Commensal Escherichia coli Canine Isolates: Profile Characterization and Comparison of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Results According to Different Guidelines. Veterinary Sciences. 2022; 9(6):284. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9060284
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernandes, Vera, Eva Cunha, Telmo Nunes, Elisabete Silva, Luís Tavares, Luísa Mateus, and Manuela Oliveira. 2022. "Antimicrobial Resistance of Clinical and Commensal Escherichia coli Canine Isolates: Profile Characterization and Comparison of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Results According to Different Guidelines" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 6: 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9060284