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Veterinary Sciences
Volume 9
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10.3390/vetsci9050249
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Article

A Descriptive Study of the Carpal Joint of Healthy Donkeys Using Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

by
Mohamed Salem
1,
El-Sayed El-Shafaey
1,2,
Alshimaa M. M. Farag
3,
Sabry El-khodery
3,
Zakriya Al Mohamad
4 and
Marwa Abass
1,*
1
Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
2
Department of Veterinary Surgery, Salam Veterinary Group, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
4
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(5), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050249
Submission received: 13 April 2022 / Revised: 10 May 2022 / Accepted: 18 May 2022 / Published: 23 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Surgery)
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Abstract

This study was conducted to establish a detailed anatomic reference for the carpal joint of apparently healthy donkeys using ultrasonography (US), computed tomographic (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ten orthopedically sound adult donkeys were used for US examination of the carpal joint in each forelimb. Additionally, the carpi of ten donkey cadavers were subjected to CT and MRI examinations. The carpal joint was divided into four zones to simplify examination. US assessment of the carpal joint included transverse and longitudinal sonograms. CT was performed using three planes: axial, sagittal, and coronal. MRI was performed using axial and sagittal planes with two sequences: gradient-echo T1-weighted and proton density. The donkeys’ carpus US, CT, and MRI images were labeled and serially interpreted based on references and anatomical cross-sections. The anatomical characteristics of the carpal joint and the surrounding soft tissue structures were thoroughly described and precisely differentiated on US, CT, and MRI scans. It can be concluded that US, CT, and MRI are effective noninvasive diagnostic imaging tools for evaluating the carpal joint in donkeys. Moreover, these imaging modalities can aid in establishing a reference database for the carpal joint of donkeys, which differs from that of horses.
Keywords: carpal; computed tomography; donkey; magnetic resonance imaging; ultrasonography carpal; computed tomography; donkey; magnetic resonance imaging; ultrasonography

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MDPI and ACS Style

Salem, M.; El-Shafaey, E.-S.; Farag, A.M.M.; El-khodery, S.; Al Mohamad, Z.; Abass, M. A Descriptive Study of the Carpal Joint of Healthy Donkeys Using Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 249. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050249

AMA Style

Salem M, El-Shafaey E-S, Farag AMM, El-khodery S, Al Mohamad Z, Abass M. A Descriptive Study of the Carpal Joint of Healthy Donkeys Using Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Veterinary Sciences. 2022; 9(5):249. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050249

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salem, Mohamed, El-Sayed El-Shafaey, Alshimaa M. M. Farag, Sabry El-khodery, Zakriya Al Mohamad, and Marwa Abass. 2022. "A Descriptive Study of the Carpal Joint of Healthy Donkeys Using Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 5: 249. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050249

APA Style

Salem, M., El-Shafaey, E.-S., Farag, A. M. M., El-khodery, S., Al Mohamad, Z., & Abass, M. (2022). A Descriptive Study of the Carpal Joint of Healthy Donkeys Using Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Veterinary Sciences, 9(5), 249. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050249

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