Strategies for Hypothermia Compensation in Altricial and Precocial Newborn Mammals and Their Monitoring by Infrared Thermography
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. General Thermoregulatory Mechanisms Triggered at Birth
3. Morphoanatomical Differences Associated with Thermoregulation in Precocial and Altricial Newborns
4. Thermoregulatory Mechanisms in Altricial and Precocial Species
4.1. Brown Adipose Tissue Activation (BAT)
4.2. Shivering
4.3. Vasomotor Control
4.4. Behavior and Postural Changes
4.5. Diving Air-Breathing Marine Vertebrates
5. Opportunity Areas and Application of IRT as an Evaluation Tool to Help the Intervention of Animals Cope with Neonatal Hypothermia
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Maturation Time | Main Mechanism of Thermoregulation | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Precocial | Bos taurus calves | 1 to 2 h after birth | Non-shivering thermogenesis Shivering thermogenesis Vasomotor control Postural changes | [18,50,51] |
Piglets | 4 to 8 h after birth | [25,52,53,54,55,56] | ||
Lambs | 1 to 5 h after birth | Shivering and non-shivering | [22] | |
Altricial | Rat pups | 13 to 20 days after birth | Postural changes | [57,58,59] |
Rabbits | 9 to 11 days after birth | Vasomotor control | [60,61,62] | |
Kitten | 45 days after birth | Non-shivering thermogenesis | [63] |
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Lezama-García, K.; Mota-Rojas, D.; Martínez-Burnes, J.; Villanueva-García, D.; Domínguez-Oliva, A.; Gómez-Prado, J.; Mora-Medina, P.; Casas-Alvarado, A.; Olmos-Hernández, A.; Soto, P.; et al. Strategies for Hypothermia Compensation in Altricial and Precocial Newborn Mammals and Their Monitoring by Infrared Thermography. Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 246. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050246
Lezama-García K, Mota-Rojas D, Martínez-Burnes J, Villanueva-García D, Domínguez-Oliva A, Gómez-Prado J, Mora-Medina P, Casas-Alvarado A, Olmos-Hernández A, Soto P, et al. Strategies for Hypothermia Compensation in Altricial and Precocial Newborn Mammals and Their Monitoring by Infrared Thermography. Veterinary Sciences. 2022; 9(5):246. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050246
Chicago/Turabian StyleLezama-García, Karina, Daniel Mota-Rojas, Julio Martínez-Burnes, Dina Villanueva-García, Adriana Domínguez-Oliva, Jocelyn Gómez-Prado, Patricia Mora-Medina, Alejandro Casas-Alvarado, Adriana Olmos-Hernández, Paola Soto, and et al. 2022. "Strategies for Hypothermia Compensation in Altricial and Precocial Newborn Mammals and Their Monitoring by Infrared Thermography" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 5: 246. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050246