Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Spirometra Tapeworms from Snakes in Hunan Province
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. Morphological Observations
2.3. DNA Extraction and Enzymatic Amplification
2.4. Sequence Analysis
2.5. Phylogenetic Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Morphological Characteristics
3.2. Genetic Characterisations of Spirometra Tapeworms
3.3. Phylogenetic Relationship of S. erinaceieuropaei
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Gene | Name | Sequence (5′–3′) | References |
---|---|---|---|
18S | PL3F | ACCTGGTTGATCCTGCCAG | Barta et al., 1997 |
PL3R | CTTCCGCTGGTTCACCTACGG | ||
28S | 28S-F | TGATAGGTTATTTAAACTGGC | This study |
28S-R | ACCCGACCCGTCTTGAAACA |
Appendix B
Species | Country of Origin | Host | Sample Codes | Accession Number | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18S | 28S | |||||
Spirometra erinaceieuropaei | Yiyang City, Hunan Province, China | Zaocys dhumnades | HuN-YiY1 | MZ267595 | MZ293029 | This study |
Z. dhumnades | HuN-YiY2 | MZ267596 | MZ293030 | This study | ||
Elaphe carinata | HuN-YiY3 | MZ267597 | MZ293031 | This study | ||
Changde City, Hunan Province, China | Z. dhumnades | HuN-CD1 | MZ267569 | MZ293003 | This study | |
Z. dhumnades | HuN-CD2 | MZ267570 | MZ293004 | This study | ||
E. carinata | HuN-CD3 | MZ267571 | MZ293005 | This study | ||
Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China | Z. dhumnades | HuN-YZ1 | MZ267598 | MZ293035 | This study | |
Z. dhumnades | HuN-YZ2 | MZ267599 | MZ293036 | This study | ||
Z. dhumnades | HuN-YZ3 | MZ267600 | MZ293037 | This study | ||
Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China | Z. dhumnades | HuN-HY1 | MZ267583 | MZ293017 | This study | |
Z. dhumnades | HuN-HY2 | MZ267584 | MZ293018 | This study | ||
E. carinata | HuN-HY3 | MZ267585 | MZ293019 | This study | ||
Xiangtan City, Hunan Province, China | Z. dhumnades | HuN-XT1 | MZ267589 | MZ293023 | This study | |
Z. dhumnades | HuN-XT2 | MZ267590 | MZ293024 | This study | ||
E. carinata | HuN-XT3 | MZ267591 | MZ293025 | This study | ||
Shaoyang City, Hunan Province, China | Z. dhumnades | HuN-SY1 | MZ267586 | MZ293020 | This study | |
Z. dhumnades | HuN-SY2 | MZ267587 | MZ293021 | This study | ||
E. carinata | HuN-SY3 | MZ267588 | MZ293022 | This study | ||
Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, China | Z. dhumnades | HuN-ZZ1 | MZ267604 | MZ293041 | This study | |
Z. dhumnades | HuN-ZZ2 | MZ267605 | MZ293042 | This study | ||
E. taeniura | HuN-ZZ3 | MZ267606 | MZ293043 | This study | ||
Changsha City, Hunan Province, China | Z. dhumnades | HuN-CS1 | MZ267572 | MZ293006 | This study | |
Z. dhumnades | HuN-CS2 | MZ267573 | MZ293007 | This study | ||
White Tiger | HuN- CS3 | MZ267607 | MZ292995 | This study | ||
W. Tiger | HuN- CS4 | MZ267608 | MZ292996 | This study | ||
Panthera tigris | HuN- CS5 | MZ267609 | MZ292997 | This study | ||
P. tigris | HuN- CS6 | MZ267610 | MZ292998 | This study | ||
Prionailurus bengalensis | HuN- CS7 | MZ267611 | MZ292999 | This study | ||
P. bengalensis | HuN- CS8 | MZ267612 | MZ293000 | This study | ||
Cat | HuN- CS9 | MZ267613 | MZ293001 | This study | ||
Cat | HuN- CS10 | MZ267614 | MZ293000 | This study | ||
Loudi City, Hunan Province, China | E. carinata | HuN-LD1 | MZ267580 | MZ293014 | This study | |
E. carinata | HuN-LD2 | MZ267581 | MZ293015 | This study | ||
E. carinata | HuN-LD3 | MZ267582 | MZ293016 | This study | ||
Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, China | Z. dhumnades | HuN-CZ1 | MZ267574 | MZ293008 | This study | |
Z. dhumnades | HuN-CZ2 | MZ267575 | MZ293009 | This study | ||
Z. dhumnades | HuN-CZ3 | MZ267576 | MZ293010 | This study | ||
Huaihua City, Hunan Province, China | Z. dhumnades | HuN-HH1 | MZ267577 | MZ293011 | This study | |
Z. dhumnades | HuN-HH2 | MZ267578 | MZ293012 | This study | ||
Z. dhumnades | HuN-HH3 | MZ267579 | MZ293013 | This study | ||
Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province, China | Z. dhumnades | HuN-ZZJ1 | MZ267601 | MZ293038 | This study | |
Z. dhumnades | HuN-ZZJ2 | MZ267602 | MZ293039 | This study | ||
Z. dhumnades | HuN-ZZJ3 | MZ267603 | MZ293040 | This study | ||
Yueyang City, Hunan Province, China | Z. dhumnades | HuN-YuY1 | MZ267566 | MZ293032 | This study | |
Z. dhumnades | HuN-YuY2 | MZ267567 | MZ293033 | This study | ||
E. taeniura | HuN-YuY3 | MZ267568 | MZ293034 | This study | ||
Xiangxi City, Hunan Province, China | Z. dhumnades | HuN-XX1 | MZ267592 | MZ293026 | This study | |
Z. dhumnades | HuN-XX2 | MZ267593 | MZ293027 | This study | ||
Z. dhumnades | HuN-XX3 | MZ267594 | MZ293028 | This study | ||
Guilin City, Guangxi Province, China | Amphiesma stolatum | HQ228991 | HQ288992 | Lee et al., 2010 | ||
Xiangtan City, Hunan Province, China | Rana nigromaculata | KX528089 | Zhang et al., 2017 | |||
Australia | Canis familiaris | KY552801 | KY552835 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | ||
Vietnam | Xenochrophis flavipunctatus | KY552802 | KY552836 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | ||
Adenocephalus pacificus | Australia | Arctocephalus pusillus | KY552774 | KY552808 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | |
USA | Callorhinus ursinus | KY552775 | KY552810 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | ||
Australia | Neophoca cinerea | KY552776 | KY552809 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | ||
Bothridium pithonis | Czech Republic | Chondropython viridis | KY552803 | KY552838 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | |
Vietnam | Xenopeltis unicolor | KY552804 | KY552839 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | ||
Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis | Japan | Homo sapiens | AB512013 | LC312467 | Yanagida et al., 2021 Yamasaki et al., 2021 | |
Dibothriocephalus latus | Russia | Gymnocephalus cernuus | DQ925309 | DQ925326 | Brabec et al., 2016 | |
Dibothriocephalus dendriticus | USA | Larus hyperboreus | KY552779 | KY552814 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | |
United Kingdom | Coregonus lavaretus | KY552778 | KY552812 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | ||
Dibothriocephalus ditremus | United Kingdom | Salvelinus alpinus | KY552780 | KY552813 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | |
USA | Oncorhynchus tshawytscha | KY552787 | KY552815 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | ||
Diphyllobothrium scoticum | Australia | Mirounga leonina | KY552777 | KY552811 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | |
Diphyllobothrium dendriticum | USA | Larus hyperboreus | KY552779 | KY552814 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | |
Diphyllobothrium schistochilos | Norway | Pusa hispida | KY552782 | KY552821 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | |
Diphyllobothrium tetrapterum | USA | Callorhinus ursinus | KY552786 | KY552826 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | |
Diphyllobothrium cordatum | USA | Erignathus barbatus | KY552788 | KY552882 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | |
Diphyllobothrium lanceolatum | USA | Erignathus barbatus | KY552789 | KY552823 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | |
Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum | USA | Lagenorhynchus acutus | AF124459 | AF286943 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | |
Diphyllobothrium balaenopterae | Japan | Homo sapiens | KY552792 | KY552824 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | |
Duthiersia fimbriata | Ghana | Varanus exanthematicus | AF267290 | DQ925328 | Kodedova et al., 2001 Brabec et al., 2006 | |
Duthiersia expansa | Vietnam | Varanus salvator | KY552806 | KY552840 | ||
Ligula intestinalis | USA | Oncorhynchus tshawytscha | KY552783 | KY552818 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | |
Ligula intestinalis | Czech Republic | Podiceps cristatus | KY552785 | KY552819 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | |
Ligula pavlovskii | Ukraine | Neogobius fluviatilis | KY552784 | KY552820 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | |
Probothriocephalus alaini | Atlantic Ocean | Xenodermichthys copei | KR780925 | KR780881 | Brabec et al., 2015 | |
Pyramicocephalus phocarum | Norway | Myoxocephalus scorpius | KY552790 | KY552827 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | |
Norway | Pollachius virens | KY552791 | KY552828 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | ||
Schistocephalus solidus | Poland | Gasterosteus aculeatus | KY552797 | KY552832 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | |
Norway | Gasterosteus aculeatus | KY552798 | KY552833 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | ||
Schistocephalus pungitii | Germany | Pungitius pungitius | KY552799 | KY552834 | Kuchta et al., 2017 | |
Haplobothrium globuliforme | Canada | Amia calva | AF124458 | AF286926 | Olson et al., 1999 Olson et al., 2001 |
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Geographical Origins | Host | Location | Sample Codes |
---|---|---|---|
Yiyang City | |||
Lanxi Town, Heshan District | Zaocys dhumnades | 112°46′ E, 28°59′ N | HuN-YiY1 |
Z. dhumnades | 112°46′ E, 28°59′ N | HuN-YiY2 | |
Elaphe carinata | 112°46′ E, 28°59′ N | HuN-YiY3 | |
Changde City | |||
Taizimiao Town, Hanshou County | Z. dhumnades | 111°96′ E, 28°77′ N | HuN-CD1 |
Z. dhumnades | 111°96′ E, 28°77′ N | HuN-CD2 | |
E. carinata | 111°96′ E, 28°77′ N | HuN-CD3 | |
Yongzhou City | |||
Taiping Town, Ningyuan County | Z. dhumnades | 112°13′ E, 25°67′ N | HuN-YZ1 |
Z. dhumnades | 112°13′ E, 25°67′ N | HuN-YZ2 | |
Z. dhumnades | 112°13′ E, 25°67′ N | HuN-YZ3 | |
Hengyang City | |||
Xuanzhou Town, Hengyang County | Z. dhumnades | 112°85′ E, 27°24′ N | HuN-HY1 |
Z. dhumnades | 112°85′ E, 27°24′ N | HuN-HY2 | |
E. carinata | 112°85′ E, 27°24′ N | HuN-HY3 | |
Xiangtan City | |||
Jinshi Country, Xiangtan County | Z. dhumnades | 112°75′ E, 27°59′ N | HuN-XT1 |
Z. dhumnades | 112°75′ E, 27°59′ N | HuN-XT2 | |
E. carinata | 112°75′ E, 27°59′ N | HuN-XT3 | |
Shaoyang City | |||
Shizhu Town, Dongkou County | Z. dhumnades | 110°73′ E, 27°25′ N | HuN-SY1 |
Z. dhumnades | 110°73′ E, 27°25′ N | HuN-SY2 | |
E. carinata | 110°73′ E, 27°25′ N | HuN-SY3 | |
Zhuzhou City | |||
Jieshou Town, Chaling County | Z. dhumnades | 113°43′ E, 26°61′N | HuN-ZZ1 |
Z. dhumnades | 113°43′ E, 26°61′N | HuN-ZZ2 | |
Elaphe taeniura | 113°43′ E, 26°61′N | HuN-ZZ3 | |
Changsha City | |||
Langli Town, Changsha County | Z. dhumnades | 113°13′ E, 28°19′ N | HuN-CS1 |
Z. dhumnades | 113°13′ E, 28°19′ N | HuN-CS2 | |
Changsha Ecological Zoo, Tianxin District | White Tiger | 113°01′ E, 28°04′ N | HuN-CS3 |
W. Tiger | 113°01′ E, 28°04′ N | HuN-CS4 | |
Panthera tigris | 113°01′ E, 28°04′ N | HuN-CS5 | |
P. tigris | 113°01′ E, 28°04′ N | HuN-CS6 | |
Prionailurus bengalensis | 113°01′ E, 28°04′ N | HuN-CS7 | |
P.bengalensis | 113°01′ E, 28°04′ N | HuN-CS8 | |
Cat | 113°01′ E, 28°04′ N | HuN-CS9 | |
Cat | 113°01′ E, 28°04′ N | HuN-CS10 | |
Loudi city | |||
Suoshi Town, Shuangfeng County | E. carinata | 112°12′ E, 27°32′ N | HuN-LD1 |
E. carinata | 112°12′ E, 27°32′ N | HuN-LD2 | |
E. carinata | 112°12′ E, 27°32′ N | HuN-LD3 | |
Chenzhou City | |||
Longhai Town, Anren County | Z. dhumnades | 113°29′ E, 26°48′ N | HuN-CZ1 |
Z. dhumnades | 113°29′ E, 26°48′ N | HuN-CZ2 | |
Z. dhumnades | 113°29′ E, 26°48′ N | HuN-CZ3 | |
Huaihua City | |||
Qijiaping Town, Yuanling County | Z. dhumnades | 110°86′ E, 28°88′ N | HuN-HH1 |
Z. dhumnades | 110°86′ E, 28°88′ N | HuN-HH2 | |
Z. dhumnades | 110°86′ E, 28°88′ N | HuN-HH3 | |
Zhangjiajie City | |||
Dongxi Coutry, Cili County | Z. dhumnades | 110°83′ E, 29°14′ N | HuN-ZZJ1 |
Z. dhumnades | 110°83′ E, 29°14′ N | HuN-ZZJ2 | |
Z. dhumnades | 110°83′ E, 29°14′ N | HuN-ZZJ3 | |
Yueyang City | |||
Tongshi Town, Pingjiang County | Z. dhumnades | 113°72′ E, 28°75′ N | HuN-YuY1 |
Z. dhumnades | 113°72′ E, 28°75′ N | HuN-YuY2 | |
E. taeniura | 113°72′ E, 28°75′ N | HuN-YuY3 | |
Xiangxi City | |||
Xichehe Town, Longshan County | Z. dhumnades | 109°54′ E, 29°09′ N | HuN-XX1 |
Z. dhumnades | 109°54′ E, 29°09′ N | HuN-XX2 | |
Z. dhumnades | 109°54′ E, 29°09′ N | HuN-XX3 |
N | S | H | π | Hd | K | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18S | 49 | 18 | 8 | 0.00062 | 0.392 | 1.244 |
28S | 49 | 2 | 3 | 0.00028 | 0.275 | 0.281 |
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Chen, S.-Y.; Gong, T.-F.; He, J.-L.; Li, F.; Li, W.-C.; Xie, L.-X.; Xie, X.-R.; Liu, Y.-S.; Zhou, Y.-F.; Liu, W. Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Spirometra Tapeworms from Snakes in Hunan Province. Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9020062
Chen S-Y, Gong T-F, He J-L, Li F, Li W-C, Xie L-X, Xie X-R, Liu Y-S, Zhou Y-F, Liu W. Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Spirometra Tapeworms from Snakes in Hunan Province. Veterinary Sciences. 2022; 9(2):62. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9020062
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Shu-Yu, Teng-Fang Gong, Jun-Lin He, Fen Li, Wen-Chao Li, Li-Xing Xie, Xin-Rui Xie, Yi-Song Liu, Ying-Fang Zhou, and Wei Liu. 2022. "Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Spirometra Tapeworms from Snakes in Hunan Province" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 2: 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9020062