Intraoperative Assessment of Fluid Responsiveness in Normotensive Dogs under Isoflurane Anaesthesia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Anaesthetic Procedures
2.3. Haemodynamic Monitoring
2.4. Study Protocol
2.5. Statistics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | PRE | POST |
---|---|---|
HR (beats/min) | 89.2 (85.1–93.4) | 90.6 (86.5–94.9) |
SAP (mmHg) | 103.3 (98.1–108.6) | 109.5 (104.2–114.7) |
DAP (mmHg) | 64.7 (60.6–68.8) | 67.1 (63.3–71.0) |
MAP (mmHg) | 77.1 (72.9–81.2) | 79.9 (76.1–83.6) |
CI (L/min/m2) | 3.5 (3.1–4.0) | 4.1 (3.7–4.5) * |
SVI (mL/beat/m2) | 41.7 (36.9–46.6) | 46.7 (42.3–51.1) * |
PPV (%) | 20.9 (17.8–24.0) | 15.8 (13.3–18.3) * |
PVI (%) | 18.9 (16.5–21.3) | 14.2 (12.9–15.5) * |
SPV (%) | 7.3 (4.5–10.2) | 6.5 (4.5–8.5) |
SVV (%) | 17.2 (15.2–19.2) | 16.7 (14.5–18.9) |
Ppeak (cmH2O) | 10.6 (9.8–11.4) | 10.6 (10.0–11.3) |
PEtCO2 (mmHg) | 41.8 (33.2–46.3) | 42.2 (34.3–44.3) |
SpO2 (%) | 97.5 (95.2–98.5) | 97.2 (95.3–98.2) |
Crs (mL/cmH2O/kg) | 1.5 ± 0.7 (1.2–1.8) | 1.6 (1.2–1.9) |
Parameters | Time | Responders (n = 50) | Nonnresponders (n = 30) |
---|---|---|---|
HR (beats/min) | PRE | 89.8 ± 20.9 | 88.4 ± 13.9 |
POST | 91.2 ± 18.7 | 90.1 ± 19.1 | |
CI (L·min/m2) | PRE | 2.86 ± 1.09 | 4.8 ± 2.4 * |
POST | 3.9 ± 1.4 # | 4.4 ± 2.1 | |
SVI (L/min/m2) | PRE | 34.3 ± 16.2 | 53.6 ± 23.8 * |
POST | 44.7 ± 18.5 # | 49.9 ± 21.1 | |
SAP (mmHg) | PRE | 99.1 ± 20.9 | 110.3 ± 25.1 |
POST | 109.5 ± 22.7 | 109.4 ± 24.9 | |
DAP (mmHg) | PRE | 63.2 ± 17.1 | 67.1 ± 19.8 |
POST | 67.9 ± 15.6 | 65.9 ± 19.2 | |
MAP (mmHg) | PRE | 75.8 ± 18.2 | 79.1 ± 19.1 |
POST | 80.7 ± 16.2 | 78.5 ± 17.6 | |
PVI (%) | PRE | 23.6 ± 9.7 | 10.7 ± 3.5 * |
POST | 14.3 ± 5.2 # | 14.1 ± 6.1 | |
PPV (%) | PRE | 27.6 ± 13.5 | 9.7 ± 3.5 * |
POST | 18.1 ± 12.8 # | 12.1 ± 5.6 | |
SPV (%) | PRE | 10.1 ± 10.6 | 3.9 ± 1.4 * |
POST | 7.8 ± 14.1 | 4.6 ± 2.1 | |
SVV (%) | PRE | 19.4 ± 9.3 | 13.5 ± 6.4 * |
POST | 18.8 ± 10.7 | 13.2 ± 6.9 |
Dynamic Index | Cut-Off | Sensitivity (% (95% CI)) | Specificity (% (95% CI)) | AUC (95% CI) | p | Grey Zone (%) | Grey Zone Cases (No. (%)) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PPV | >13.8% | 98.0 (89.3–99.7) | 93.3 (77.9–99.0) | 0.979 (0.919–0.997) | <0.0001 | 13.5–15.5 | 6 (7.5) |
PVI | >14% | 93.3 (81.7–98.5) | 92.3 (74.8–98.8) | 0.956 (0.878–0.990) | <0.0001 | 13–15 | 10 (12.5) |
SPV | >4.1% | 85.7 (63.6–96.8) | 75.0 (47.6–92.6) | 0.793 (0.628–0.908) | <0.0001 | 3.1–5.1 | 23 (28.75) |
SVV | >14.7% | 72.0 (57.5–83.8) | 73.3 (54.1–87.7) | 0.729 (0.618–0.822) | <0.0001 | 12.7–15.3 | 25 (31.2) |
MAP | >67 mmHg | 41.67 (27.6–56.8) | 80 (61.4–92.3) | 0.560 (0.443–0.672) | 0.3788 | <98–>56 | 61 (76.2) |
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Skouropoulou, D.; Lacitignola, L.; Di Bella, C.; Stabile, M.; Acquafredda, C.; Brienza, N.; Grasso, S.; Crovace, A.; Iarussi, F.; Staffieri, F. Intraoperative Assessment of Fluid Responsiveness in Normotensive Dogs under Isoflurane Anaesthesia. Vet. Sci. 2021, 8, 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8020026
Skouropoulou D, Lacitignola L, Di Bella C, Stabile M, Acquafredda C, Brienza N, Grasso S, Crovace A, Iarussi F, Staffieri F. Intraoperative Assessment of Fluid Responsiveness in Normotensive Dogs under Isoflurane Anaesthesia. Veterinary Sciences. 2021; 8(2):26. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8020026
Chicago/Turabian StyleSkouropoulou, Despoina, Luca Lacitignola, Caterina Di Bella, Marzia Stabile, Claudia Acquafredda, Nicola Brienza, Salvatore Grasso, Antonio Crovace, Fabrizio Iarussi, and Francesco Staffieri. 2021. "Intraoperative Assessment of Fluid Responsiveness in Normotensive Dogs under Isoflurane Anaesthesia" Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 2: 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8020026