Infectious Bronchitis Virus (Gammacoronavirus) in Poultry Farming: Vaccination, Immune Response and Measures for Mitigation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Epidemiology of IBV
3. Vaccination
3.1. Live Attenuated IBV Vaccine
3.2. Inactivated or Killed Vaccines
3.3. Recombinant Vaccines
3.3.1. Viral Vector-Based Vaccines
3.3.2. Subunit and Peptide-Based Vaccines
3.3.3. Plasmid DNA Vaccine
3.3.4. Reverse Genetic Vaccines (RGV)
3.4. Vaccine Development against IBV
4. Immune Response against IBV
4.1. Local Immune System
4.1.1. Passive Immunity
4.1.2. Active Immunity/Innate Immune Responses
4.2. Adaptive Immune System
4.2.1. Humoral Immunity
4.2.2. Cell-Mediated Immunity (CMI)
4.2.3. Mucosal Immunity
5. Potential Mitigation Approaches in Controlling IBV
5.1. Limitation for Controlling of IBV in the Poultry Farm
5.2. Issues Related to Antiviral Therapy
5.3. Biosecurity and Control of Disease
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name of the Vaccine | Route of Delivery | Characteristics |
---|---|---|
1. Live attenuated IBV or | Aero nasal spray | Serial attenuation of virulent IB strain for weakened |
Live IBV vaccines | In Ovo route | virulence [32,33]. |
Orally | ||
Subcutaneous (S/C) | ||
2. Killed or inactivated | IM injection | Inactivated by chemical treatment or heat treat to kill the |
IB vaccines | S/C | virulence of strain [34]. |
3. Viral Vector vaccine | In ovo route | Recombinant rNDV/APMV-2 expressing the S protein of |
IBV strain Mass-41 (rNDV/APMV-2/IBV-S) [35]. | ||
4. DNA vaccine | Mucosal/Orally | IBV-DNA vaccine carrying S1-protein and/or N-protein constructs |
IM injection | the respective vector [36,37,38,39]. | |
Intranasal | ||
In ovo route | ||
5. Recombinant protein (sub-unit) | Intraocular-nasally IM injection | Water-in-oil emulsified recombinant S-ectodomain protein [40]. |
Second heptad repeat (HR2) region of S protein were | ||
repeatedly co-displayed in the Self-assembling | ||
Protein Nanoparticle (SAPN) [41]. | ||
6. Multi-epitope-based | Oral | Using attenuated S enterica serovar Typhimurium strain [42]. |
peptide vaccine | Mucosal | Recombinant DNA: The EpiC gene was presented in |
(Lactococcus lactis bacterial system) | Intranasal | Lactococcus lactis NZ3900 with 3 recombinant strains expressing EpiC gene [43]. |
7. VLP-based IBV vaccine or | IM immunized | Efficient mucosal immune response [44] |
chimeric VLP vaccine |
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Bhuiyan, M.S.A.; Amin, Z.; Rodrigues, K.F.; Saallah, S.; Shaarani, S.M.; Sarker, S.; Siddiquee, S. Infectious Bronchitis Virus (Gammacoronavirus) in Poultry Farming: Vaccination, Immune Response and Measures for Mitigation. Vet. Sci. 2021, 8, 273. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8110273
Bhuiyan MSA, Amin Z, Rodrigues KF, Saallah S, Shaarani SM, Sarker S, Siddiquee S. Infectious Bronchitis Virus (Gammacoronavirus) in Poultry Farming: Vaccination, Immune Response and Measures for Mitigation. Veterinary Sciences. 2021; 8(11):273. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8110273
Chicago/Turabian StyleBhuiyan, Md. Safiul Alam, Zarina Amin, Kenneth Francis Rodrigues, Suryani Saallah, Sharifudin Md. Shaarani, Subir Sarker, and Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee. 2021. "Infectious Bronchitis Virus (Gammacoronavirus) in Poultry Farming: Vaccination, Immune Response and Measures for Mitigation" Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 11: 273. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8110273