Effects of Sedation by Intramuscular Administration of Medetomidine on Canine Abdominal Vascular System and Hepatic Parenchyma Imaging Using Enhancement Dynamic Computed Tomography
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Anesthesia and Sedation Protocols
2.2. CT Imaging Protocol
2.3. Image Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Anesthesia Protocol | Sedation Protocol | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
AO–EA (s) * | 13 (12–18) | 30 (26–38) | 0.012 |
AO–EP (s) * | 24 (21–31) | 48 (40–58) | 0.013 |
Peak contrast value of AO (HU) * | 558.3 (494.7–648.3) | 343.1 (289.2–481.7) | 0.012 |
CVC–EA (s) | 21 (20–32) | 20 (18–50) | 0.526 |
CVC–EP (s) | 37 (34–45) | 40 (24–74) | 1 |
Peak contrast value of CVC (HU) | 313.5 (228.1–381.4) | 779.6 (154.2–2375.6) | 0.144 |
PV–EA (s) * | 25 (24–30) | 64 (54–78) | 0.012 |
PV–EP (s) * | 43 (41–44) | 104 (90–180) | 0.011 |
Peak contrast value of PV (HU) * | 244.4 (236.2–285.9) | 166.3 (162.1–199.3) | 0.012 |
HP–EA (s) * | 25 (18–35) | 50 (42–94) | 0.012 |
HP–EP (s) * | 56 (51–60) | 240 (108–240) | 0.012 |
Peak contrast value of HP (HU) * | 132.4 (127.5–132.8) | 111.4 (106.7–125.2) | 0.012 |
Parameters | 0 min | 1 min | 2 min | 3 min | 4 min | 5 min |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
the contrast values of AO; anesthesia protocol (HU) | 46.1 (42.8–48.9) | 218.7 (195.8–244.6) | 174.6 (157.3–199.8) | 141.2 (129.8–184.6) | 127.4 (119.7–158.2) | 122.2 (110.5–147.5) |
the contrast values of AO; sedation protocol (HU) | 48.2 (47.4–55.3) | 273.6 (247.2–351.4) | 184.3 (144.3–232.1) | 146.3 (137.6–157.8) | 131.6 (109.2–133.8) | 123.4 (98.3–141.1) |
p value | 0.073 | 0.012 * | 0.835 | 0.463 | 0.833 | 0.834 |
the contrast values of CVC; anesthesia protocol (HU) | 32.8 (30.9–41.5) | 195.4 (177.7–215.7) | 159.5 (142.0–184.3) | 131.5 (109.8–159.1) | 122.1 (113.5–145.2) | 111.9 (100.9–127.6) |
the contrast values of CVC; sedation protocol (HU) | 43.3 (34.1–45.2) | 285.3 (104.4–1722.1) | 143.5 (118.2–357.0) | 117.6 (88.8–144.7) | 108.5 (94.4–114.4) | 100.6 (81.9–104.4) |
p value | 0.142 | 0.675 | 0.296 | 0.296 | 0.356 | 0.096 |
the contrast values of PV; anesthesia protocol (HU) | 37.6 (27.3–29.4) | 208.1 (188.8–240.0) | 175.4 (161.2–216.7) | 139.4 (127.4–187.1) | 125.5 (117.4–161.4) | 118.5 (112.1–137.4) |
the contrast values of PV; sedation protocol (HU) | 38.2 (37.4–42.8) | 60.3 (46.2–87.6) | 144.5 (142.6–178.9) | 142.4 (123.3–166.4) | 137.8 (118.4–147.2) | 122.0 (99.7–136.8) |
p value | 0.142 | 0.012 * | 0.142 | 1 | 0.531 | 0.676 |
the contrast values of HP; anesthesia protocol (HU) | 66.2 (58.4–69.1) | 124.8 (113.1–139.0) | 122.2 (111.7–129.4) | 111.1 (102.0–114.8) | 107.6 (96.5–111.7) | 98.4 (93.3–113.8) |
the contrast values of HP; sedation protocol (HU) | 56.1 (53.2–67.4) | 61.2 (60.0–78.1) | 99.3 (77.1–112.0) | 107.8 (104.7–120.2) | 111.4 (98.4–125.1) | 110.4 (97.8–119.6) |
p value | 0.143 | 0.012 * | 0.021 * | 0.917 | 0.142 | 0.173 |
Group | Heart Rate before Procedure | Heart Rate of 0 min (bpm) | Heart Rate of 1 min (bpm) | Heart Rate of 2 min (bpm) | Heart Rate of 3 min (bpm) | Heart Rate of 4 min (bpm) | Heart Rate of 5 min (bpm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
anesthesia protocol | 100 (140–83) | 103 (78–136) | 101 (76–131) | 102 (79–126) | 101 (73–127) | 103 (71–124) | 103 (68–122) |
sedation protocol | 108 (138–85) | 44 (40–48) ** | 40 (36–44) ** | 36 (28–44) ** | 44 (36–48) ** | 40 (36–48) ** | 44 (36–44) ** |
p-value | 1 | 0.012 * | 0.012 * | 0.012 * | 0.012 * | 0.011 * | 0.011 * |
Group | The Point of before Protocol Procedure | The Point of Start of Scan | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SAP (mmHg) | DAP (mmHg) | MAP (mmHg) | SAP (mmHg) | DAP (mmHg) | MAP (mmHg) | |
anesthesia protocol | 160 (138–212) | 110 (109–138) | 124 (106–148) | 91 (88–108) ** | 50 (38–62) ** | 64 (62–84) ** |
sedation protocol | 156 (134–170) | 94 (88–129) | 107 (100–138) | 147 (129–170) | 101 (96–124) | 124 (111–144) |
p-value | 0.835 | 0.593 | 0.403 | 0.012 * | 0.012 * | 0.012 * |
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Kutara, K.; Kanda, T.; Maeta, N.; Mochizuki, Y.; Itoh, Y.; Ono, F.; Asanuma, T. Effects of Sedation by Intramuscular Administration of Medetomidine on Canine Abdominal Vascular System and Hepatic Parenchyma Imaging Using Enhancement Dynamic Computed Tomography. Vet. Sci. 2020, 7, 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7030091
Kutara K, Kanda T, Maeta N, Mochizuki Y, Itoh Y, Ono F, Asanuma T. Effects of Sedation by Intramuscular Administration of Medetomidine on Canine Abdominal Vascular System and Hepatic Parenchyma Imaging Using Enhancement Dynamic Computed Tomography. Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 7(3):91. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7030091
Chicago/Turabian StyleKutara, Kenji, Teppei Kanda, Noritaka Maeta, Yohei Mochizuki, Yoshiki Itoh, Fumiko Ono, and Taketoshi Asanuma. 2020. "Effects of Sedation by Intramuscular Administration of Medetomidine on Canine Abdominal Vascular System and Hepatic Parenchyma Imaging Using Enhancement Dynamic Computed Tomography" Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 3: 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7030091