Prevalence and Diversity of Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Sero-Subtypes in Poultry and Wild Birds in Bangladesh
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Approval
2.2. Bird Capture
2.3. Sample Collection, Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Haemagglutination Inhibition Test
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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HA Subtype | H1 | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H6 | H7 | H8 | H9 | H10 | H11 | H12 | H13 | H14 | H15 | H16 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Migratory bird (n = 41, N = 170) | ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● | ●●●●●●●●●●●●●● | ●● | ●●●●●●●●●●●●● | ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● | ●●●●●●●●●● | ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● | ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● | ●●●● | ● | ||||||
Resident wild bird (n = 36, N = 170) | ● | ●●●●●●●●● | ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● | ●●●●●●●●●●● | ●● | |||||||||||
Nomadic duck (n = 38, N = 170) | ● | ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● | ●● | ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● | ●●●●●●●●●●●●●● | ●● | ●●●●●● | |||||||||
Household duck (n = 47, N = 170) | ● | ●●●●●●●●● | ●●●● | ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● | ● | ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● | ●●●● | ● | ||||||||
Household chicken (n = 7, N = 170) | ●●●●● | ●● | ● |
AIV Subtype | 2012 (January–March) | 2013 (January–March) | 2014 (January–March) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MB | RW | ND | HD | HC | MB | RW | ND | HD | HC | MB | RW | ND | HD | HC | |
(N = 10) | (N = 28) | (N = 0) | (N = 6) | (N = 0) | (N = 16) | (N = 6) | (N = 23) | (N = 5) | (N = 3) | (N = 15) | (N = 2) | (N = 15) | (N = 37) | (N = 4) | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
H1 | 8 (80) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (43.8) | 1 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (13.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0) |
H2 | 3 (30) | 8 (28.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (33.3) | 0 (0) | 6 (37.5) | 1 (16.7) | 17 (73.9) | 2 (40) | 0 (0) | 5 (33.3) | 0 (0) | 4 (26.7) | 5 (13.5) | 0 (0) |
H3 | 2 (20) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H4 | 7 (70) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (66.6) | 0 (0) | 3 (18.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (8.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (20) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H5 | 2 (20) | 18 (64.3) | 0 (0) | 3 (50) | 0 (0) | 10 | 4 (66.7) | 16 (69.6) | 2 (40) | 3 (100) | 15 (100) | 2 (100) | 13 (86.7) | 24 (64.9) | 2 (50) |
H6 | 7 (70) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (18.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H7 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H8 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H9 | 6 (60) | 6 (21.4) | 0 (0) | 2 (33.3) | 0 (0) | 7 (43.8) | 5 (83.3) | 9 (39.1) | 1 (20) | 2 (66.7) | 10 (66.7) | 0 (0) | 5 (33.3) | 15 (40.5) | 0 (0) |
H10 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (8.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H11 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H12 | 5 (50) | 2 (7.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (33.3) | 0 (0) | 6 (37.5) | 0 (0) | 5 (21.7) | 0 (0) | 1 (33.3) | 6 (40) | 0 (0) | 1 (6.7) | 2 (5.4) | 0 (0) |
H13 | 3 (30) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (6.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H14 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H15 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H16 | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
AIV Subtype | Hakaluki Hoar | Tanguar Hoar | Chittagong | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MB | RW | ND | HD | HC | MB | RW | ND | HD | HC | MB | RW | ND | HD | HC | |
(N = 23) | (N = 1) | (N = 15) | (N = 22) | (N = 4) | (N = 17) | (N = 3) | (N = 23) | (N = 13) | (N = 0) | (N = 1) | (N = 32) | (N = 0) | (N = 13) | (N = 3) | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
H1 | 14 (60.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (17.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0) |
H2 | 9 (39.1) | 0 (0) | 4 (26.7) | 3 (13.7) | 0 (0) | 5 (29.4) | 0 (0) | 17 (73.9) | 2 (15.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 9 (28.1) | 0 (0) | 4 (30.8) | 0 (0) |
H3 | 2 (8.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H4 | 9 (39.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (8.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (30.8) | 0 (0) |
H5 | 9 (39.1) | 1 (100) | 13 (86.7) | 11 (50) | 2 (50) | 17 (100) | 3 (100) | 16 (69.6) | 10 (76.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 20 (62.5) | 0 (0) | 8 (61.5) | 3 (100) |
H6 | 10 (43.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H7 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H8 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H9 | 12 (52.2) | 0 (0) | 5 (33.3) | 4 (18.2) | 0 (0) | 10 (58.8) | 1 (33.3) | 9 (39.1) | 7 (53.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 10 (31.3) | 0 (0) | 7 (53.8) | 2 (66.7) |
H10 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (8.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H11 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H12 | 9 (39.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (41.2) | 0 (0) | 5 (21.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 2 (6.3) | 0 (0) | 4 (30.8) | 1 (33.3) |
H13 | 4 (17.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H14 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H15 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
H16 | 1 (4.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
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Hassan, M.M.; El Zowalaty, M.E.; Islam, A.; Khan, S.A.; Rahman, M.K.; Järhult, J.D.; Hoque, M.A. Prevalence and Diversity of Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Sero-Subtypes in Poultry and Wild Birds in Bangladesh. Vet. Sci. 2020, 7, 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7020073
Hassan MM, El Zowalaty ME, Islam A, Khan SA, Rahman MK, Järhult JD, Hoque MA. Prevalence and Diversity of Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Sero-Subtypes in Poultry and Wild Birds in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 7(2):73. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7020073
Chicago/Turabian StyleHassan, Mohammad M., Mohamed E. El Zowalaty, Ariful Islam, Shahneaz A. Khan, Md. K. Rahman, Josef D. Järhult, and Md. A. Hoque. 2020. "Prevalence and Diversity of Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Sero-Subtypes in Poultry and Wild Birds in Bangladesh" Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 2: 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7020073