Differences between the Filling Velocities of the Left and Right Heart Ventricle in Racing Pigeons (Columba livia F. Domestica) and the Influence of Anesthesia with Isoflurane
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Animals
2.2. Doppler-Sonographic Examination
2.3. Anesthesia
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Diastolic Ventricular Filling Blood Flow Velocities in Conscious Racing Pigeons
3.2. Influence of Isoflurane Anesthesia on Diastolic Blood Flow Velocities
3.3. Influence of Heart Rate (HR), Body Indices, Age, and Sex on the Diastolic Blood Flow Velocities
3.4. Examination of the Diastolic Blood Flow with Color Doppler Flow Imaging
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measuring Point | Peak E Velocity | Peak A Velocity | E : A Ratio | Peak EA Velocity | Angle Correction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Left AV valve | 0.37 ± 0.59 | 0.58 ± 0.20 | 0.72 ± 0.28 | 0.84 ± 0.01 | 28.4 ± 7.8 |
(0.37; 0.25–0.53) | (0.57; 0.24–0.96) | (0.64; 0.31–1.63) | (0.84; 0.83–0.85) | (29.0; 12.0–45.0) | |
Heart rate | 220.5 ± 41.3 | (270.0–360.0) | |||
(225.0; 146.0–300.0) | |||||
Left AV valve in anesthesia | 0.34 ± 0.07 (0.33; 0.26–0.52) | 0.42 ± 0.12 (0.41; 0.22–0.67) | 0.87 ± 0.32 (0.78; 0.44–1.79) | 0.55 ± 0.17 (0.55; 0.43–0.67) | 27.4 ± 7.9 (28.0; 0.0–45.0) |
Heart rate | 148.4 ± 29.5 | (210.0–257.0) | |||
(146.0; 99.0–244.0) | |||||
Right AV valve | 0.22 ± 0.06 | 0.52 ± 0.10 | 0.43 ± 0.11 | 0.67 ± 0.01 | 22.2 ± 7.82 |
(0.2; 0.12–0.42) | (0.51; 0.31–0.70) | (0.4; 0.25–0.71) | (0.67; 0.66–0.68) | (24.0; 8.0–40.0) | |
Heart rate | 219.1 ± 34.7 | (300–360) | |||
(215.5; 148–300) | |||||
Right AV valve in anesthesia | 0.18 ± 0.06 (0.18; 0.03–0.38) | 0.47 ± 0.11 (0.45; 0.24–0.80) | 0.42 ± 0.24 (0.37; 0.09–1.58) | 0.37 ± 0.05 (0.43; 0.36–0.50) | 21.8 ± 7.6 (22.0; 0.0–35.0 |
Heart rate | 148.7 ± 20.3 | 235.8 ± 31.6 | |||
(147.5; 100.0–197.0) | (240.0; 189.0–270.0) |
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Legler, M.; Koy, L.; Kummerfeld, N.; Fehr, M. Differences between the Filling Velocities of the Left and Right Heart Ventricle in Racing Pigeons (Columba livia F. Domestica) and the Influence of Anesthesia with Isoflurane. Vet. Sci. 2019, 6, 79. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6040079
Legler M, Koy L, Kummerfeld N, Fehr M. Differences between the Filling Velocities of the Left and Right Heart Ventricle in Racing Pigeons (Columba livia F. Domestica) and the Influence of Anesthesia with Isoflurane. Veterinary Sciences. 2019; 6(4):79. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6040079
Chicago/Turabian StyleLegler, Marko, Lajos Koy, Norbert Kummerfeld, and Michael Fehr. 2019. "Differences between the Filling Velocities of the Left and Right Heart Ventricle in Racing Pigeons (Columba livia F. Domestica) and the Influence of Anesthesia with Isoflurane" Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 4: 79. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6040079